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.. highlight:: sh
.. |HCE| replace:: :abbr:`HCE (host card emulation)`
.. _acardemulator:
################################################################################
Android Smart Card Emulator
################################################################################
.. sidebar:: Summary
Use an Android phone as contact-less smart card
:Author:
`Frank Morgner <frankmorgner@gmail.com>`_
:License:
GPL version 3
:Tested Platform:
Android, CyanogenMod
The Android Smart Card Emulator allows the emulation of a contact-less smart card.
The emulator uses Android's |HCE| to fetch APDUs from a contact-less reader.
The app allows to process the Command APDUs either by delegating them to a
remote virtual smart card or by a built-in Java Card simulator. The response
APDUs are then returned to the smart card reader.
With the built-in Java Card runtime of jCardSim_ the app includes the following
Applets:
- `Hello World Applet`_ (application identifier ``F000000001``)
- `OpenPGP Applet`_ (application identifier ``D2760001240102000000000000010000``)
- `OATH Applet`_ (application identifier ``A000000527210101``)
- `ISO Applet`_ (application identifier ``F276A288BCFBA69D34F31001``)
- `GIDS Applet`_ (application identifier ``A000000397425446590201``)
The remote interface can be used together with the :ref:`vicc`, which allows
emulating the following cards:
- Generic ISO-7816 smart card
- German electronic identity card (nPA)
- Electronic passport
You may also attach your own simulation to the remote interface by implementing
a simple interface through a socket communication.
.. tikz:: Simulate a contact-less Java Card with Android Smart Card Emulator
:stringsubst:
:libs: arrows, calc, fit, patterns, plotmarks, shapes.geometric, shapes.misc, shapes.symbols, shapes.arrows, shapes.callouts, shapes.multipart, shapes.gates.logic.US, shapes.gates.logic.IEC, er, automata, backgrounds, chains, topaths, trees, petri, mindmap, matrix, calendar, folding, fadings, through, positioning, scopes, decorations.fractals, decorations.shapes, decorations.text, decorations.pathmorphing, decorations.pathreplacing, decorations.footprints, decorations.markings, shadows
\input{%(wd)s/bilder/tikzstyles.tex}
\node (reader) {\includegraphics[width=3cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/my_cardreader.pdf}};
\node [below=0cm of reader, kleiner] {Contact-less Reader};
\node (phone) [right=1cm of reader] {\includegraphics[width=3cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/smartphone.pdf}};
\node (app) [at=(phone.center)] {\includegraphics[width=2.8cm, height=4.9cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/ACardEmulator.png}};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\draw [rfid] (reader.center) -- (phone.west) ;
\end{pgfonlayer}
.. tikz:: Simulate a contact-less smart card with a remote virtual smart card
:stringsubst:
:libs: arrows, calc, fit, patterns, plotmarks, shapes.geometric, shapes.misc, shapes.symbols, shapes.arrows, shapes.callouts, shapes.multipart, shapes.gates.logic.US, shapes.gates.logic.IEC, er, automata, backgrounds, chains, topaths, trees, petri, mindmap, matrix, calendar, folding, fadings, through, positioning, scopes, decorations.fractals, decorations.shapes, decorations.text, decorations.pathmorphing, decorations.pathreplacing, decorations.footprints, decorations.markings, shadows
\input{%(wd)s/bilder/tikzstyles.tex}
\node (reader) {\includegraphics[width=3cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/my_cardreader.pdf}};
\node [below=0cm of reader, kleiner] {Contact-less Reader};
\node (phone) [right=1cm of reader] {\includegraphics[width=3cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/smartphone.pdf}};
\node (app) [at=(phone.center)] {\includegraphics[width=2.8cm, height=4.9cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/ACardEmulator.png}};
\node (vicc) [aktivbox, right=2cm of phone, kleiner] {\texttt{vicc --reversed}};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\draw [rfid] (reader.center) -- (phone.west) ;
\path[linie] (phone) edge node {\includegraphics[width=1.5cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/simplecloud.pdf}} (vicc) ;
\end{pgfonlayer}
The Android Smart Card Emulator has the following dependencies:
- NFC hardware built into the smartphone for |HCE|
- Android 4.4 "KitKat" (or newer) or CyanogenMod 11 (or newer)
- permissions for a data connection (communication with Virtual Smart Card) and
for using NFC (communication to the reader); scanning the configuration via
QR code requires permission to access the camera
- Virtual Smart Card :ref:`installed on the host computer<vicc_install>` for
using the remote interface
For emulating a contact-less smart card with a desktop or notebook, have a look at :ref:`pcsc-relay`.
Please note that the currently emulated applets are verifying the PIN by
transmitting it without any protection between card and terminal. You may want
to have a look at `Erik Nellesson's
<http://sar.informatik.hu-berlin.de/research/publications/SAR-PR-2014-08/SAR-PR-2014-08_.pdf>`_
`Virtual Keycard`_, which uses the PACE protocol for PIN verification.
.. _acardemulator_install:
********************
Download and Install
********************
The Android Smart Card Emulator is available on F-Droid_.
.. qr code generated via http://www.qrcode-monkey.de
.. icon generated via https://romannurik.github.io/AndroidAssetStudio/icons-launcher.html#foreground.type=clipart&foreground.space.trim=0&foreground.space.pad=0.25&foreground.clipart=res%2Fclipart%2Ficons%2Fdevice_nfc.svg&foreColor=fdd017%2C0&crop=0&backgroundShape=hrect&backColor=ffffff%2C100&effects=shadow
.. image:: acardemu-qrcode.png
:target: https://f-droid.org/repository/browse/?fdid=com.vsmartcard.acardemulator
:alt: Android Smart Card Emulator on F-Droid
:width: 265px
:height: 265px
To manually compile the app you need to fetch the sources and initialize the
submodules::
git clone https://github.com/frankmorgner/vsmartcard.git
cd vsmartcard
# fetch the applets that are in the submodules
git submodule init
git submodule update
We use `Android Studio`_ to build and deploy the application. Use
:menuselection:`File --> Open` to select :file:`vsmartcard/ACardEmulator`.
Attach your smartphone and choose :menuselection:`Run --> Run 'app'`.
.. include:: questions.txt
********************
Notes and References
********************
.. target-notes::
.. _jCardSim: http://www.jcardsim.org/
.. _Hello World Applet: https://github.com/licel/jcardsim/blob/master/src/main/java/com/licel/jcardsim/samples/HelloWorldApplet.java
.. _OpenPGP Applet: https://developers.yubico.com/ykneo-openpgp/
.. _OATH Applet: https://developers.yubico.com/ykneo-oath/
.. _ISO Applet: http://www.pwendland.net/IsoApplet/
.. _GIDS Applet: https://github.com/vletoux/GidsApplet
.. _Virtual Keycard: https://github.com/eriknellessen/Virtual-Keycard
.. _F-Droid: https://f-droid.org/repository/browse/?fdid=com.vsmartcard.remotesmartcardreader.app
.. _Android Studio: http://developer.android.com/sdk/installing/studio.html

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.. highlight:: sh
.. |PACE| replace:: :abbr:`PACE (Password Authenticated Connection Establishment)`
.. _ccid-emulator:
################################################################################
USB CCID Emulator
################################################################################
.. sidebar:: Summary
Emulate a USB CCID compliant smart card reader
:Author:
`Frank Morgner <frankmorgner@gmail.com>`_
:License:
GPL version 3
:Tested Platforms:
Linux (Debian, Ubuntu, OpenMoko)
The USB CCID Emulator forwards a locally present PC/SC smart card reader as a
standard USB CCID reader. USB CCID Emulator can be used as trusted intermediary
enabling secure PIN entry and PIN modification. In combination with OpenSC_
also |PACE| can be performed by the emulator.
.. tikz:: Portable smart card reader with trusted user interface
:stringsubst:
:libs: arrows, calc, fit, patterns, plotmarks, shapes.geometric, shapes.misc, shapes.symbols, shapes.arrows, shapes.callouts, shapes.multipart, shapes.gates.logic.US, shapes.gates.logic.IEC, er, automata, backgrounds, chains, topaths, trees, petri, mindmap, matrix, calendar, folding, fadings, through, positioning, scopes, decorations.fractals, decorations.shapes, decorations.text, decorations.pathmorphing, decorations.pathreplacing, decorations.footprints, decorations.markings, shadows
\input{%(wd)s/bilder/tikzstyles.tex}
\tikzstyle{bla}=[kleiner, text width=.45\textwidth]
\node (reader)
{\includegraphics[width=1cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/my_cardreader.pdf}};
\node (readertext) [right=0of reader, bla]
{Smartphone provides smart card reader via USB};
\node (display) [below=0of reader]
{\includegraphics[width=1cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/display.pdf}};
\node (displaytext) [right=0of display, bla]
{Secure display of service provider and purpose of transaction};
\node (keyboard) [below=0of display]
{\includegraphics[width=1cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/keyboard.pdf}};
\node (keyboardtext) [right=0of keyboard, bla]
{Secure PIN Entry};
\node (firewall) [below=0of keyboard]
{\includegraphics[width=1cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/Firewall.pdf}};
\node (firewalltext) [right=0of firewall, bla]
{Verification of terminal authentication and sanitiy checks};
\node (features) [fit=(display) (keyboard) (reader) (firewall)] {};
\node (moko) [left=0of features.west] {\includegraphics[height=4cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/phone-fic-neo-freerunner.pdf}};
\node (epa) [left=1.5of moko, yshift=-2cm]
{\includegraphics[width=3cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/nPA_VS.png}};
\node (pc) [left=1.5of moko, yshift=1.5cm]
{\includegraphics[width=3cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/computer-tango.pdf}};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node (mokobox)
[box,
fit=(moko) (readertext) (displaytext) (keyboardtext) (firewalltext)
(features)] {};
\draw [usb]
(moko) -- (pc.center) ;
\draw [decorate, decoration={expanding waves, angle=20, segment length=6}, nichtrundelinie]
(moko) -- (epa) ;
\end{pgfonlayer}
If the machine running :command:`ccid-emulator` is in USB device mode, a local
reader is forwareded via USB to another machine. If in USB host mode, the USB
CCID reader will locally be present.
Applications on Windows and Unix-like systems can access the USB CCID Emulator
through PC/SC as if it was a real smart card reader. No installation of a smart
card driver is required since USB CCID drivers are usually shipped with the
modern OS.
Here is a subset of USB CCID commands supported by the USB CCID Emulator with
their PC/SC counterpart:
================================== ============================================================
USB CCID PC/SC
================================== ============================================================
``PC_to_RDR_XfrBlock`` ``SCardTransmit``
``PC_to_RDR_Secure`` ``FEATURE_VERIFY_PIN_DIRECT``, ``FEATURE_MODIFY_PIN_DIRECT``
``PC_to_RDR_Secure`` (proprietary) ``FEATURE_EXECUTE_PACE``
================================== ============================================================
PIN verification/modification and |PACE| can also be started by the application
transmitting (SCardTransmit) specially crafted APDUs. Only the alternative
initialization of |PACE| using SCardControl requires patching the driver
(available for libccid, see :file:`patches`). The pseudo APDUs with no need for
patches are defined as follows (see `BSI TR-03119 1.3`_ p. 33-34):
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| | Command APDU | Response APDU |
| +----------+----------+----------+----------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------+------------+
| | CLA | INS | P1 | P2 | Command Data | Response Data | SW1/SW2 |
+==========================+==========+==========+==========+==========+================================+===================================+============+
| GetReaderPACECapabilities| ``0xFF`` | ``0x9A`` | ``0x04`` | ``0x01`` | (No Data) | ``PACECapabilities`` | |
+--------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ ``0x9000`` |
| EstablishPACEChannel | ``0xFF`` | ``0x9A`` | ``0x04`` | ``0x02`` | ``EstablishPACEChannelInput`` | ``EstablishPACEChannelOutput`` | or other |
+--------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ in case of |
| DestroyPACEChannel | ``0xFF`` | ``0x9A`` | ``0x04`` | ``0x03`` | (No Data) | (No Data) | an error |
+--------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ |
| Verify/Modify PIN | ``0xFF`` | ``0x9A`` | ``0x04`` | ``0x10`` | Coding as ``PC_to_RDR_Secure`` | Coding as ``RDR_to_PC_DataBlock`` | |
+--------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------+------------+
The USB CCID Emulator is implemented using GadgetFS_. Some fragments of the source
code are based on the GadgetFS example and on the source code of the OpenSC
tools.
.. tikz:: Software stack of the USB CCID Emulator running on the OpenMoko Neo FreeRunner
:stringsubst:
:libs: arrows, calc, fit, patterns, plotmarks, shapes.geometric, shapes.misc, shapes.symbols, shapes.arrows, shapes.callouts, shapes.multipart, shapes.gates.logic.US, shapes.gates.logic.IEC, er, automata, backgrounds, chains, topaths, trees, petri, mindmap, matrix, calendar, folding, fadings, through, positioning, scopes, decorations.fractals, decorations.shapes, decorations.text, decorations.pathmorphing, decorations.pathreplacing, decorations.footprints, decorations.markings, shadows
\input{%(wd)s/bilder/tikzstyles.tex}
\tikzstyle{schicht}=[text width=5cm, align=right]
\tikzstyle{fade down}=[path fading=south, color=huslateblue]
\node (kernel)
[box, shape=rectangle split, rectangle split parts=3, kleiner]
{Linux Kernel
\nodepart{second}
\footnotesize S3C24xx Controller Driver
\nodepart{third}
\footnotesize GadgetFS
};
\node (ccid)
[aktivbox, shape=rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, below=of kernel]
{CCID Emulator
\nodepart{second}
\texttt{usb}\qquad\texttt{ccid}
};
\draw [box] ($(ccid.text split)-(.05cm,0)$) -- ($(ccid.south)-(.05cm,0)$);
\node (opensc) [box, below=of ccid, kleiner] {OpenSC};
\node (controller) [klein, right=0of kernel.two east, schicht]
{Driver for USB Controller};
\node (gadget) [klein, right=0of kernel.three east, schicht]
{Gadget Driver};
\node (upper) [klein, right=0of kernel.three east, schicht, yshift=-1.75cm]
{Upper Layers};
\tikzstyle{rechts}=[to path={-- ++(1,0) |- (\tikztotarget)}]
\tikzstyle{links}=[to path={-- ++(-1,0) |- (\tikztotarget)}]
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\path
(ccid.two west) edge [links, linie] (kernel.three west)
(ccid.two east) edge [rechts, linie] (opensc.east)
;
\path [color=black!30]
(controller.north east) edge +(-9,0)
(gadget.north east) edge +(-9,0)
(upper.north east) edge +(-9,0)
;
\end{pgfonlayer}
\node [kleiner, anchor=east, text width=3cm]
at ($($(ccid.two west)+(-3,0)$)!.5!(kernel.three west)$)
{\color{hublue}
\texttt{/dev/gadget/ep1-bulk}\\
\texttt{/dev/gadget/ep2-bulk}\\
\texttt{/dev/gadget/ep3-bulk}\\};
Running the USB CCID Emulator has the following dependencies:
- Linux Kernel with GadgetFS_
- OpenSC_
Whereas using the USB CCID Emulator on the host system as smart card reader only
needs a usable PC/SC middleware with USB CCID driver. This is the case for most
modern Windows and Unix-like systems by default.
.. tikz:: Implementation of a mobile smart card reader for the German ID card
:stringsubst:
:libs: arrows, calc, fit, patterns, plotmarks, shapes.geometric, shapes.misc, shapes.symbols, shapes.arrows, shapes.callouts, shapes.multipart, shapes.gates.logic.US, shapes.gates.logic.IEC, er, automata, backgrounds, chains, topaths, trees, petri, mindmap, matrix, calendar, folding, fadings, through, positioning, scopes, decorations.fractals, decorations.shapes, decorations.text, decorations.pathmorphing, decorations.pathreplacing, decorations.footprints, decorations.markings, shadows
\input{%(wd)s/bilder/tikzstyles.tex}
\tikzstyle{keks}=[to path={-- ++(.1,0) |- (\tikztotarget)}]
\tikzstyle{bla}=[shape=rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2,
every text node part/.style={align=center, klein}, text width=7cm,
every second node part/.style={kleiner}, inner sep=0pt]
\node (ccid-emulator)
{\texttt{ccid-emulator}};
\node (basis) [below=3of ccid-emulator]
{\includegraphics[keepaspectratio, height=2cm,
width=2cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/moko/basisleser_plain_klein.png}};
\node (basisbeschreibung) [below=0cm of basis, kleiner, text width=2cm]
{Reiner SCT RFID basis};
\node (npa) [left=1.5of basis]
{\includegraphics[keepaspectratio, height=3cm,
width=3cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/nPA_VS.png}};
\node (npabeschreibung) [below=0cm of npa, kleiner]
{German identity card};
\node (funktionenchat) [right=.6cm of ccid-emulator.east, anchor=text west, bla]
{
PACE
\nodepart{second}
\begin{itemize}
\item Display CHAT
\begin{itemize}
\item Display context (eID/eSign)
\item Display requested permissions
\end{itemize}
\item Display certificate description
\begin{itemize}
\item Identification of service provider
\item Display purpose of transaction
\end{itemize}
\item Secure PIN entry
\end{itemize}
};
\node (funktionenpace) [below=.5 of funktionenchat, bla]
{
Terminal Authentication
\nodepart{second}
\begin{itemize}
\item Verify authenticy of terminal
\item Check freshness of cv certificate
\end{itemize}
};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node (box) [fit=(ccid-emulator) (basis) (basisbeschreibung)
(funktionenchat) (funktionenpace), box, inner sep=.5cm] {};
\node (boxbild) at (box.north west)
{\includegraphics[keepaspectratio, height=1.5cm,
width=1.5cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/moko/moko_reader.png}};
\node [right=0cm of boxbild.east, yshift=.3cm]
{Openmoko Neo FreeRunner};
\end{pgfonlayer}
\node (a) [above=1of npa]
{\includegraphics[keepaspectratio, height=3cm,
width=3cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/computer-tango.pdf}};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\path
(ccid-emulator) edge [doppelpfeil] (basis)
(basis) edge [rfid] (npa)
(a.center) edge [usb] (ccid-emulator)
(ccid-emulator.east) edge [pfeil, keks] (funktionenchat.text west)
(ccid-emulator.east) edge [pfeil, keks] (funktionenpace.text west);
\end{pgfonlayer}
.. include:: download.txt
.. include:: autotools.txt
=================
Hints on GadgetFS
=================
To create a USB Gadget in both USB host and USB client mode, you need to load
the kernel module :program:`gadgetfs`. Here is how to get a running version of
GadgetFS on a Debian system (see also `OpenMoko Wiki`_)::
sudo apt-get install linux-source linux-headers-`uname -r`
sudo tar xjf /usr/src/linux-source-*.tar.bz2
cd linux-source-*/drivers/usb/gadget
# build dummy_hcd and gadgetfs
echo "KDIR := /lib/modules/`uname -r`/build" >> Makefile
echo "PWD := `pwd`" >> Makefile
echo "obj-m := dummy_hcd.o gadgetfs.o" >> Makefile
echo "default: " >> Makefile
echo -e "\t\$(MAKE) -C \$(KDIR) SUBDIRS=\$(PWD) modules" >> Makefile
make
# load GadgetFS with its dependencies
sudo modprobe udc-core
sudo insmod ./dummy_hcd.ko
sudo insmod ./gadgetfs.ko default_uid=`id -u`
# mount GadgetFS
sudo mkdir /dev/gadget
sudo mount -t gadgetfs gadgetfs /dev/gadget
On OpenMoko it is likely that you need to `patch your kernel
<http://docs.openmoko.org/trac/ticket/2206>`_. If you also want to switch
multiple times between :program:`gadgetfs` and :program:`g_ether`, `another
patch is needed <http://docs.openmoko.org/trac/ticket/2240)>`_.
If you are using a more recent version of :program:`dummy_hcd` and get an error
loading the module, you maybe want to check out `this patch
<http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.linux.usb.general/47440>`_.
===============
Hints on OpenSC
===============
USB CCID Emulator needs the OpenSC components to be
installed (especially :file:`libopensc.so`). Here is an example of how to get
the standard installation of OpenSC without |PACE|::
PREFIX=/tmp/install
VSMARTCARD=$PWD/vsmartcard
git clone https://github.com/frankmorgner/vsmartcard.git $VSMARTCARD
cd $VSMARTCARD
git submodule init
git submodule update
cd $VSMARTCARD/ccid/src/opensc
autoreconf --verbose --install
./configure --prefix=$PREFIX
make install && cd -
Now :file:`libopensc.so` should be located in ``$PREFIX/lib``. Here is how to
configure the USB CCID Emulator to use it::
cd $VSMARTCARD/ccid
./configure --prefix=$PREFIX OPENSC_LIBS="-L$PREFIX/lib -lopensc"
make install && cd -
*****
Usage
*****
The USB CCID Emulator has various command line options to customize the appearance
on the USB host. In order to run the USB CCID Emulator GadgetFS must be loaded
and mounted. The USB CCID Emulator is compatible with the unix driver libccid_
and the `Windows USB CCID driver`_. PIN commands are supported if implemented
by the driver.
.. versionadded:: 0.7
USB CCID Emulator now supports the boxing commands defined in `BSI TR-03119
1.3`_.
.. program-output:: ccid-emulator --help
.. include:: questions.txt
********************
Notes and References
********************
.. target-notes::
.. _`GadgetFS`: http://www.linux-usb.org/gadget/
.. _`OpenSC`: https://github.com/frankmorgner/OpenSC
.. _`libccid`: http://pcsclite.alioth.debian.org/ccid.html
.. _`Windows USB CCID driver`: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/hardware/gg487509
.. _`OpenMoko Wiki`: http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Building_Gadget_USB_Module
.. _`BSI TR-03119 1.3`: https://www.bsi.bund.de/DE/Publikationen/TechnischeRichtlinien/tr03119/index_htm.html

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.. highlight:: sh
.. |vsmartcard| replace:: Virtual Smart Card Architecture
################################################################################
Welcome to the |vsmartcard| documentation!
################################################################################
Welcome to the |vsmartcard|. |vsmartcard| is an umbrella project for various
projects concerned with the emulation of different types of smart card readers
or smart cards themselves.
.. tikz:: The Virtual Smart Card Architecture connects different aspects of smart card handling
:stringsubst:
:libs: arrows, calc, fit, patterns, plotmarks, shapes.geometric, shapes.misc, shapes.symbols, shapes.arrows, shapes.callouts, shapes.multipart, shapes.gates.logic.US, shapes.gates.logic.IEC, er, automata, backgrounds, chains, topaths, trees, petri, mindmap, matrix, calendar, folding, fadings, through, positioning, scopes, decorations.fractals, decorations.shapes, decorations.text, decorations.pathmorphing, decorations.pathreplacing, decorations.footprints, decorations.markings, shadows
\input{%(wd)s/bilder/tikzstyles.tex}
\tikzstyle{bla}=[box, klein, rounded rectangle, inner sep=.3cm]
\node (a) {};
\node[bla, above left=.5cm of a]
(usb) {USB Terminal};
\node[bla, below left=.5cm of a]
(nfc) {NFC Terminal};
\node[bla, rounded rectangle left arc=concave, above right=.5cm of a]
(sc) {Real Smart Card};
\node[bla, rounded rectangle left arc=concave, below right=.5cm of a]
(vsc) {Virtual Smart Card};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\path[line width=.8cm,color=hublue!20]
(a.mid) edge [out=180, in=0] (usb.center)
edge [out=180, in=0] (nfc.center)
edge [out=0, in=180] (sc.center)
edge [out=0, in=180] (vsc.center)
;
\end{pgfonlayer}
Currently the following projects are part of |vsmartcard|:
.. toctree::
:titlesonly:
virtualsmartcard/README
remote-reader/README
ACardEmulator/README
pcsc-relay/README
ccid/README
.. toctree::
:hidden:
npa/README
Looking for a feature the included programs do not offer? Want to extend the
functionality of some library? Apart from requesting a new feature, you can
have a look at these programming guides and try yourself:
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 1
virtualsmartcard/api
.. image:: https://img.shields.io/travis/frankmorgner/vsmartcard/master.svg?label=Travis%20CI%20build
:target: https://travis-ci.org/frankmorgner/vsmartcard
:alt: Travis CI Build Status Image
.. image:: https://img.shields.io/appveyor/ci/frankmorgner/vsmartcard/master.svg?label=AppVeyor%20build
:target: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/frankmorgner/vsmartcard
:alt: AppVeyor CI Build Status Image
.. image:: https://img.shields.io/coverity/scan/3987.svg?label=Coverity%20scan
:target: https://scan.coverity.com/projects/3987
:alt: Coverity Scan Status
Download
--------
You can download the latest release of the |vsmartcard| `here
<https://github.com/frankmorgner/vsmartcard/releases>`_. Older releases are
still available at the `old project
location <http://sourceforge.net/projects/vsmartcard/files>`_.
Alternatively, you can clone our git repository::
git clone https://github.com/frankmorgner/vsmartcard.git
References
----------
.. bibliography:: references.bib
:all:

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.. meta::
:http-equiv=refresh: 0;URL='https://github.com/frankmorgner/OpenSC'
######################
nPA Smart Card Library
######################
Access the German electronic identity card (neuer Personalausweis/nPA).
The functionality of nPA Smart Card Library has been integrated into
OpenSC. Developement and Support will continue at our new home
https://github.com/frankmorgner/OpenSC.

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.. highlight:: sh
.. _pcsc-relay:
################################################################################
PC/SC Relay
################################################################################
.. sidebar:: Summary
Relay a smart card to a contactless interface
:Authors:
- `Frank Morgner <frankmorgner@gmail.com>`_
- `Dominik Oepen <oepen@informatik.hu-berlin.de>`_
:License:
GPL version 3
:Tested Platforms:
- Windows
- Linux (Debian, Ubuntu, OpenMoko)
Welcome to PC/SC Relay. The purpose of PC/SC Relay is to relay a smart
card using an contact-less interface. Currently the following contact-less
emulators are supported:
- `Hardware supported by libnfc`_
- OpenPICC_
- :ref:`acardemulator`
Command APDUs are received with the contact-less interface and relayed. The
Response APDUs are then sent back via RFID. The contact-less data will be
relayed to one of the following:
- to a *real* smart card inserted into one of the systems' smart card readers.
The smart card reader must be accessible with PC/SC. The smart card may be
contact-based *or* contact-less.
- to a :ref:`vicc` that directly connects to :command:`pcsc-relay`. The virtual
smart card's native interface is used and (despite its name) PC/SC Relay
does not need to access PC/SC in this case.
.. tikz:: Debug, Analyze and Emulate with PC/SC Relay
:stringsubst:
:libs: arrows, calc, fit, patterns, plotmarks, shapes.geometric, shapes.misc, shapes.symbols, shapes.arrows, shapes.callouts, shapes.multipart, shapes.gates.logic.US, shapes.gates.logic.IEC, er, automata, backgrounds, chains, topaths, trees, petri, mindmap, matrix, calendar, folding, fadings, through, positioning, scopes, decorations.fractals, decorations.shapes, decorations.text, decorations.pathmorphing, decorations.pathreplacing, decorations.footprints, decorations.markings, shadows
\input{%(wd)s/bilder/tikzstyles.tex}
\node (pcsc-relay) {\texttt{pcsc-relay}};
\node [kleiner, right=2cm of pcsc-relay, yshift=.9cm]
(libnfc) {Libnfc Devices};
\node [kleiner, right=2cm of pcsc-relay, yshift=.3cm]
(openpicc) {OpenPICC};
\node [kleiner, right=2cm of pcsc-relay, yshift=-.3cm]
(vpcd) {Virtual Smart Card Reader};
\node [kleiner, right=2cm of pcsc-relay, yshift=-.9cm]
(acardemulator) {Android Smart Card Emulator};
\node [kleiner, left=2cm of pcsc-relay, yshift=.9cm]
(contactbased) {Contact-based Smart Card};
\node [kleiner, left=2cm of pcsc-relay, yshift=.3cm]
(contactless) {Contact-less Smart Card};
\node [kleiner, left=2cm of pcsc-relay, yshift=-.9cm]
(remotereader) {Remote Smart Card Reader};
\node [kleiner, left=2cm of pcsc-relay, yshift=-.3cm]
(virtual) {Virtual Smart Card};
\node [above=.3cm of pcsc-relay, kleiner, xshift=1.2cm]
(capdu) {Command APDU};
\node [below=.3cm of pcsc-relay, kleiner, xshift=-1.2cm]
(rapdu) {Response APDU};
\draw (rapdu.east) edge [pfeil] +(1,0);
\draw (capdu.west) edge [pfeil] +(-1,0);
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\path[line width=.5cm,color=hublue!20]
(pcsc-relay.mid) edge [out=180, in=0] (contactbased.east)
edge [out=180, in=0] (contactless.east)
edge [out=180, in=0] (virtual.east)
edge [out=180, in=0] (remotereader.east)
edge [out=0, in=180] (libnfc.west)
edge [out=0, in=180] (openpicc.west)
edge [out=0, in=180] (vpcd.west)
edge [out=0, in=180] (acardemulator.west)
;
\end{pgfonlayer}
With PC/SC Relay you can relay a contact-less or contact based smart card
over a long distance. Also you can use it in combination with the :ref:`vicc`
to completely emulate an ISO/IEC 14443 smart card.
.. tikz:: Emulate a contact-less German ID card to perform sanity checks
:stringsubst:
:libs: arrows, calc, fit, patterns, plotmarks, shapes.geometric, shapes.misc, shapes.symbols, shapes.arrows, shapes.callouts, shapes.multipart, shapes.gates.logic.US, shapes.gates.logic.IEC, er, automata, backgrounds, chains, topaths, trees, petri, mindmap, matrix, calendar, folding, fadings, through, positioning, scopes, decorations.fractals, decorations.shapes, decorations.text, decorations.pathmorphing, decorations.pathreplacing, decorations.footprints, decorations.markings, shadows
\input{%(wd)s/bilder/tikzstyles.tex}
\tikzstyle{bla}=[shape=rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2,
every text node part/.style={align=center, klein}, text width=7cm,
every second node part/.style={kleiner}, inner sep=0pt]
\tikzstyle{keks}=[to path={-- ++(.1,0) |- (\tikztotarget)}]
\node (touchatag)
{\includegraphics[keepaspectratio, height=2cm,
width=2cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/touchatag.png}};
\node (touchatagbeschreibung) [below=0cm of touchatag, kleiner]
{touchatag};
\node (pcsc-relay) [right=of touchatag]
{\texttt{pcsc-relay}};
\node (pcsc-relaybeschreibung) [below=0cm of pcsc-relay, kleiner]
{NFC emulator
};
\node (vicc) [right=of pcsc-relay]
{\texttt{vicc -t nPA}};
\node (viccbeschreibung) [below=0cm of vicc, kleiner]
{nPA emulator};
\node (group) [fit=(touchatag) (pcsc-relay) (vicc) (touchatagbeschreibung)
(pcsc-relaybeschreibung) (viccbeschreibung)] {};
\node (funktionenchat) [below=0cm of group, bla]
{
PACE
\nodepart{second}
\begin{itemize}
\item Display context (eID/eSign)
\item Display requested permissions
\end{itemize}
};
\node (funktionenpace) [below=.5 of funktionenchat, bla]
{
Terminal Authentication
\nodepart{second}
\begin{itemize}
\item Verify authenticy of terminal
\item Check freshness of cv certificate
\item With certificate database
\begin{itemize}
\item Identification of service provider
\item Display purpose of transaction
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node (box) [fit=(touchatag) (pcsc-relay) (vicc) (touchatagbeschreibung)
(pcsc-relaybeschreibung) (viccbeschreibung) (funktionenchat)
(funktionenpace), box, inner sep=.5cm] {};
\node (boxbild) at (box.north west)
{\includegraphics[keepaspectratio, height=1.5cm,
width=1.5cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/moko/moko_reader.png}};
\node [right=0cm of boxbild.east, yshift=.3cm]
{Openmoko Neo FreeRunner};
\end{pgfonlayer}
\node (a) [left=1.5of box]
{\includegraphics[keepaspectratio, height=4cm,
width=4cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/ivak_kiosk-terminal.pdf}};
\node (e) [below=0cm of a, text width=2.5cm, align=center]
{(Public) Terminal};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\path
(touchatag) edge [doppelpfeil] (pcsc-relay)
(pcsc-relay) edge [doppelpfeil] (vicc)
(vicc.east) edge [keks, pfeil] (funktionenchat.text east)
(vicc.east) edge [keks, pfeil] (funktionenpace.text east)
(a) edge [decorate, decoration={expanding waves, angle=20, segment
length=6}, nichtrundelinie] (touchatag.south west);
\end{pgfonlayer}
PC/SC Relay has the following dependencies:
- PC/SC middleware
- libnfc_
.. include:: relay-note.txt
.. include:: download.txt
.. include:: autotools.txt
===============
Hints on libnfc
===============
Here is an example of how to get the standard
installation of libnfc::
PREFIX=/tmp/install
LIBNFC=libnfc
git clone https://code.google.com/p/libnfc $LIBNFC
cd $LIBNFC
autoreconf -i
# See `./configure --help` for enabling support of additional hardware
./configure --prefix=$PREFIX
make
make install
Building PC/SC Relay with libnfc is done best using :command:`pkg-config`. The file
:file:`libnfc.pc` should be located in ``$INSTALL/lib/pkgconfig``. Here is how to
configure PC/SC Relay to use it::
./configure PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PREFIX/lib/pkgconfig
====================================
Hints on Android Smart Card Emulator
====================================
The Android Smart Card Emulator is build around the host card emulation mode of
Android 4.4 and later. This mode activates the app if the terminal issues a
SELECT command with one of the app's application identifiers. The app registers
for the following AIDs (:file:`ACardEmulator/app/src/main/res/xml/aid_list.xml`):
.. literalinclude:: ../../ACardEmulator/app/src/main/res/xml/aid_list.xml
:language: xml
:emphasize-lines: 8,12,16,20
If used together with PC/SC Relay you need to change these application
identifiers to match the emulated card. Otherwise the app will not be activated
when it should relay command APDUs to PC/SC Relay.
And while you are already modifying the Android Smart Card Emulator you may also
want to activate `useVPCD` and change `hostname` and `port` to configure the
connection to PC/SC Relay
(:file:`ACardEmulator/app/src/main/java/com/vsmartcard/acardemulator/SimulatorService.java`):
.. literalinclude:: ../../ACardEmulator/app/src/main/java/com/vsmartcard/acardemulator/SimulatorService.java
:language: java
:lines: 47-52
:emphasize-lines: 3,5-6
Compiling and installing Android Smart Card Emulator is covered in its :ref:`acardemulator_install` section.
=========================
Hints on PC/SC middleware
=========================
A PC/SC middleware is included by default in most modern operating systems. On
Unix-like systems (Linux, OS X, Sun OS) it is realized by PCSC-Lite_. To
compile PC/SC Relay you will need to install the PCSC-Lite headers from
your distribution.
Windows also ships with a PC/SC middleware in form of the Winscard module.
PC/SC Relay can be (cross) compiled with MinGW-w64. Also, Microsoft's
developement environment Visual Studio includes all necessary data for building
PC/SC Relay.
*****
Usage
*****
.. program-output:: pcsc-relay --help
Below we explain what option to choose for the emulator which receives a
command APDU and transmits a response APDU back to the terminal:
=================================================== ==============
Option ``--emulator``
=================================================== ==============
Emulation hardware supported via libnfc ``libnfc``
Emulation with OpenPICC ``openpicc``
Android Smart Card Emulator ``vpcd``
Virtual Smart Card ``vpcd``
=================================================== ==============
Below we explain what option to choose for the connector which calculates
a response APDU from a given command APDU:
=================================================== ===============
Option ``--connector``
=================================================== ===============
Contact-based Smart Card in PC/SC Reader ``pcsc``
Contact-less Smart Card in PC/SC Reader ``pcsc``
Contact-less Smart Card in Remote Smart Card Reader ``vicc``
Virtual Smart Card ``vicc``
=================================================== ===============
.. include:: questions.txt
********************
Notes and References
********************
.. target-notes::
.. _`Hardware supported by libnfc`: http://nfc-tools.org/index.php?title=Devices_compatibility_matrix
.. _libnfc: http://www.libnfc.org/
.. _OpenPICC: http://www.openpcd.org/OpenPICC
.. _PCSC-lite: http://pcsclite.alioth.debian.org/

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.. highlight:: sh
.. |vpcd| replace:: :abbr:`vpcd (virtual smart card reader)`
.. _remote-reader:
################################################################################
Remote Smart Card Reader
################################################################################
.. sidebar:: Summary
Use an Android phone as contact-less smart card reader
:Author:
`Frank Morgner <frankmorgner@gmail.com>`_
:License:
GPL version 3
:Tested Platform:
Android, CyanogenMod
Allow a host computer to use the smartphone's NFC hardware as contact-less
smartcard reader. On the host computer a special smart card driver, |vpcd|, must
be installed. The app establishes a connection to |vpcd| over the network when a
contact-less card is detected.
.. tikz:: Remote Smart Card Reader used to access a contact-less card
:stringsubst:
:libs: arrows, calc, fit, patterns, plotmarks, shapes.geometric, shapes.misc, shapes.symbols, shapes.arrows, shapes.callouts, shapes.multipart, shapes.gates.logic.US, shapes.gates.logic.IEC, er, automata, backgrounds, chains, topaths, trees, petri, mindmap, matrix, calendar, folding, fadings, through, positioning, scopes, decorations.fractals, decorations.shapes, decorations.text, decorations.pathmorphing, decorations.pathreplacing, decorations.footprints, decorations.markings, shadows
\input{%(wd)s/bilder/tikzstyles.tex}
\node (pcsc) [klein, aktivbox, inner xsep=.75cm, align=center] {PC/SC\\Framework};
\node (sca) [aktivbox, klein, left=.75cm of pcsc, align=center] {Smart Card\\Application};
\node (vpcd) [box, at=(pcsc.east), kleiner] {\texttt{vpcd}};
\node (phone) [right=2cm of vpcd] {\includegraphics[width=3cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/smartphone.pdf}};
\node (app) [at=(phone.center)] {\includegraphics[width=2.8cm, height=4.9cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/remote-reader.png}};
\node (card) [right=0cm of phone, rotate=45] {\includegraphics[width=2cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/smartcard.pdf}};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node (box) [box, fit=(pcsc) (sca) (vpcd), inner ysep=1.5em] {};
\node [at=(box.north west)] {\includegraphics[width=1cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/computer-tango.pdf}};
\path[linie]
(sca) edge (pcsc)
(vpcd) edge node {\includegraphics[width=1.5cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/simplecloud.pdf}} (app)
;
\draw [rfid] (phone.center) -- (card.center) ;
\end{pgfonlayer}
The Remote Smart Card Reader has the following dependencies:
- NFC hardware built into the smartphone
- Android 4.4 "KitKat" or CyanogenMod 11 (or newer)
- permissions for a data connection (communication with |vpcd|) and for using
NFC (communication to the card); scanning the configuration via QR code
requires permission to access the camera
- |vpcd| :ref:`installed on the host computer<vicc_install>`
For remotely accessing a traditional smart card reader on one computer from an
other computer, the :ref:`vicc` in relay mode can be used:
.. tikz:: Virtual Smart Card used in relay mode to remotely access a card
:stringsubst:
:libs: arrows, calc, fit, patterns, plotmarks, shapes.geometric, shapes.misc, shapes.symbols, shapes.arrows, shapes.callouts, shapes.multipart, shapes.gates.logic.US, shapes.gates.logic.IEC, er, automata, backgrounds, chains, topaths, trees, petri, mindmap, matrix, calendar, folding, fadings, through, positioning, scopes, decorations.fractals, decorations.shapes, decorations.text, decorations.pathmorphing, decorations.pathreplacing, decorations.footprints, decorations.markings, shadows
\input{%(wd)s/bilder/tikzstyles.tex}
\node (pcsc) [klein, aktivbox, inner xsep=.75cm, align=center] {PC/SC\\Framework};
\node (sca) [aktivbox, klein, left=.75cm of pcsc, align=center] {Smart Card\\Application};
\node (vpcd) [box, at=(pcsc.east), kleiner] {\texttt{vpcd}};
\node (pcsc2) [klein, aktivbox, inner xsep=.75cm, align=center, below=2.5cm of vpcd] {PC/SC\\Framework};
\node (vicc) [aktivbox, left=1cm of pcsc2, kleiner] {\texttt{vicc -t relay}};
\node (reader) [right=1cm of pcsc2] {\includegraphics[width=2cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/my_cardreader.pdf}};
\node (card) [at=(reader.east), rotate=45] {\includegraphics[width=2cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/smartcard.pdf}};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node (box) [box, fit=(pcsc) (sca) (vpcd), inner ysep=1.5em] {};
\node (box2) [box, fit=(vicc) (pcsc2), inner ysep=1.5em] {};
\node [at=(box.north west)] {\includegraphics[width=1cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/computer-tango.pdf}};
\node [at=(box2.north west)] {\includegraphics[width=1cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/computer-tango.pdf}};
\path[linie]
(sca) edge (pcsc)
(vpcd) edge [out=south, in=north] node {\includegraphics[width=1.5cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/simplecloud.pdf}} (vicc)
(vicc) edge (pcsc2)
(pcsc2) edge [usb] (reader.center)
;
\end{pgfonlayer}
.. include:: relay-note.txt
********************
Download and Install
********************
The Remote Smart Card Reader is available on F-Droid_.
.. qr code generated via http://www.qrcode-monkey.de
.. icon generated via https://romannurik.github.io/AndroidAssetStudio/icons-launcher.html#foreground.type=clipart&foreground.space.trim=0&foreground.space.pad=0.25&foreground.clipart=res%2Fclipart%2Ficons%2Fnotification_tap_and_play.svg&foreColor=fdd017%2C0&crop=0&backgroundShape=hrect&backColor=ffffff%2C100&effects=shadow
.. image:: remote-reader-qrcode.png
:target: https://f-droid.org/repository/browse/?fdid=com.vsmartcard.remotesmartcardreader.app
:alt: Remote Smart Card Reader on F-Droid
:width: 265px
:height: 265px
To manually compile the app you need to fetch the sources::
git clone https://github.com/frankmorgner/vsmartcard.git
We use `Android Studio`_ to build and deploy the application. Use
:menuselection:`File --> Open` to select :file:`vsmartcard/remote-reader`.
Attach your smartphone and choose :menuselection:`Run --> Run 'app'`.
On the host system, where the smart card at the phone's NFC interface is relayed to,
|vpcd| needs to be installed. It can be installed on Windows and Unix. On the
host computer, :command:`vpcd-config` prints a QR code to configure the Remote
Smart Card Reader. Scan the configuration with the bar code scanner of your
choice.
.. include:: questions.txt
********************
Notes and References
********************
.. target-notes::
.. _OpenSC: https://github.com/OpenSC/OpenSC
.. _Android Studio: http://developer.android.com/sdk/installing/studio.html
.. _F-Droid: https://f-droid.org/repository/browse/?fdid=com.vsmartcard.remotesmartcardreader.app

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.. highlight:: sh
.. |vpicc| replace:: :abbr:`vpicc (virtual smart card)`
.. |vpcd| replace:: :abbr:`vpcd (virtual smart card reader)`
.. |BAC| replace:: :abbr:`BAC (Basic Access Control)`
.. |PACE| replace:: :abbr:`PACE (Password Authenticated Connection Establishment)`
.. |TA| replace:: :abbr:`TA (Terminal Authenticatation)`
.. |CA| replace:: :abbr:`CA (Chip Authentication)`
.. |EAC| replace:: :abbr:`EAC (Extended Access Control)`
.. _vicc:
################################################################################
Virtual Smart Card
################################################################################
.. sidebar:: Summary
Smart card emulator written in Python
:Authors:
- `Frank Morgner <frankmorgner@gmail.com>`_
- `Dominik Oepen <oepen@informatik.hu-berlin.de>`_
:License:
GPL version 3
:Tested Platforms:
- Windows
- Mac OS X
- Linux (Debian, Ubuntu, OpenMoko)
Virtual Smart Card emulates a smart card and makes it accessible through PC/SC.
Currently the Virtual Smart Card supports the following types of smart cards:
- Generic ISO-7816 smart card including secure messaging
- German electronic identity card (nPA) with complete support for |EAC|
(|PACE|, |TA|, |CA|)
- Electronic passport (ePass/MRTD) with support for |BAC|
- Cryptoflex smart card (incomplete)
The |vpcd| is a smart card reader driver for PCSC-Lite_ and the windows smart
card service. It allows smart card applications to access the |vpicc| through
the PC/SC API. By default |vpcd| opens slots for communication with multiple
|vpicc|'s on localhost on port 35963 and port 35964. But the |vpicc| does not
need to run on the same machine as the |vpcd|, they can connect over the
internet for example.
Although the Virtual Smart Card is a software emulator, you can use
:ref:`pcsc-relay` to make it accessible to an external contact-less smart card
reader.
The file :file:`utils.py` was taken from Henryk Plötz's cyberflex-shell_.
.. tikz:: Virtual Smart Card used with PCSC-Lite or WinSCard
:stringsubst:
:libs: arrows, calc, fit, patterns, plotmarks, shapes.geometric, shapes.misc, shapes.symbols, shapes.arrows, shapes.callouts, shapes.multipart, shapes.gates.logic.US, shapes.gates.logic.IEC, er, automata, backgrounds, chains, topaths, trees, petri, mindmap, matrix, calendar, folding, fadings, through, positioning, scopes, decorations.fractals, decorations.shapes, decorations.text, decorations.pathmorphing, decorations.pathreplacing, decorations.footprints, decorations.markings, shadows
\input{%(wd)s/bilder/tikzstyles.tex}
\node (pcsclite)
[klein, aktivbox, inner xsep=.7cm, text width=3cm]
{PC/SC Framework\\\
(\texttt{pcscd} or \texttt{SCardSvr})
};
\node (sca) [aktivbox, klein, left=of pcsclite] {Smart Card\\Application};
\node (vpcd) [box, at=(pcsclite.east), xshift=-.3cm] {\texttt{vpcd}};
\node (vicc) [aktivbox, right=2cm of pcsclite] {\texttt{vicc}};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\path[linie]
(sca) edge (pcsclite)
(vpcd) edge node {\includegraphics[width=1.2cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/simplecloud.pdf}} (vicc)
;
\end{pgfonlayer}
.. versionadded:: 0.7
The Virtual Smart Card optionally brings its own standalone implementation of
PC/SC. This allows accessing |vpicc| without PCSC-Lite. Our PC/SC
implementation acts as replacement for ``libpcsclite`` which can lead to
problems when used in parallel with PCSC-Lite.
.. tikz:: Virtual Smart Card used with its own PC/SC implementation
:stringsubst:
:libs: arrows, calc, fit, patterns, plotmarks, shapes.geometric, shapes.misc, shapes.symbols, shapes.arrows, shapes.callouts, shapes.multipart, shapes.gates.logic.US, shapes.gates.logic.IEC, er, automata, backgrounds, chains, topaths, trees, petri, mindmap, matrix, calendar, folding, fadings, through, positioning, scopes, decorations.fractals, decorations.shapes, decorations.text, decorations.pathmorphing, decorations.pathreplacing, decorations.footprints, decorations.markings, shadows
\input{%(wd)s/bilder/tikzstyles.tex}
\node (pcsclite)
[klein, box, text width=4cm]
{Virtual Smart Card's\\
PC/SC Framework
};
\node (sca) [aktivbox, klein, left=of pcsclite] {Smart Card\\Application};
\node (vicc) [aktivbox, right=2cm of pcsclite] {\texttt{vicc}};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\path[linie]
(sca) edge (pcsclite)
(pcsclite) edge node {\includegraphics[width=1.5cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/simplecloud.pdf}} (vicc)
;
\end{pgfonlayer}
On Android, where a traditional PC/SC framework is not available, you can use
our framework to make your real contact-less smart accessible through PKCS#11.
For example, an email signing application can use the PKCS#11 interface of
OpenSC, which is linked against our PC/SC implementation. Then an Android App
(e.g. :ref:`remote-reader`) can connect as |vpicc| delegating all requests and
responses via NFC to a contact-less smart card that signs the mail.
Depending on your usage of the |vpicc| you may need to install the following:
- Python_
- pyscard_ (relaying a local smart card with :option:`--type=relay`)
- PyCrypto_, PBKDF2_, PIL_, readline_ or PyReadline_ (emulation of electronic
passport with :option:`--type=ePass`)
- OpenPACE_ (emulation of German identity card with :option:`--type=nPA`)
- libqrencode_ (to print a QR code on the command line for `vpcd-config`; an
URL will be printed if libqrencode is not available)
.. include:: download.txt
.. _vicc_install:
.. include:: autotools.txt
================================================================================
Building and installing |vpcd| on Mac OS X
================================================================================
Mac OS X 10.9 and earlier is using PCSC-Lite as smart card service which allows
using the standard routine for :ref:`installation on Unix<vicc_install>`.
Mac OS X 10.10 (and later) ships with a proprietary implementation of the PC/SC
layer instead of with PCSC-Lite. As far as we know, this means that smart card
readers must be USB devices instead of directly allowing a more generic type of
reader. To make |vpcd| work we simply configure it to pretend being a USB smart
card reader with an :file:`Ìnfo.plist`::
./configure --prefix=/ --enable-infoplist
make
make install
================================================================================
Building and installing |vpcd| on Windows
================================================================================
.. versionadded:: 0.7
We implemented |vpcd| as user mode device driver for Windows so that
|vpicc| can directly be used in Windows' smart card applications that use
PC/SC.
For the Windows integration we extended `Fabio Ottavi's UMDF Driver for a
Virtual Smart Card Reader`_ with a |vpcd| interface. To build |vpcd| for
Windows we use `Windows Driver Kit 8.1 and Visual Studio 2013`_. If you choose
to download the `Windows binaries`_, you may directly jump to step 3.
1. In Visual Studio select :menuselection:`File --> Open --> Convert
Sources/Dirs...` and choose the vpcd's :file:`sources` either in the
:file:`WinXP` [#footnote1]_ or :file:`Win7` folder.
When successfully imported, ensure with the configuration manager, that both
of the created projects are built for the same platform (x64 or Win32).
2. If you can successfully :guilabel:`Build the solution`, you can find the
install package in :file:`BixVReader-package`. It contains `BixVReader.inf`
and the required libraries, especially `BixVReader.dll` and
`WudfUpdate_01009.dll` [#footnote2]_.
3. Copy :file:`win32\\BixVReader\\BixVReader.ini` into the :envvar:`%SystemRoot%`
directory.
4. In a console with administrator rights go to :file:`BixVReader-package` and
install the driver::
"C:\Program Files\Windows Kits\8.1\Tools\x86\devcon.exe" install BixVReader.inf root\BixVirtualReader
You can adjust the path to ``devcon.exe`` with your version of the WDK and
your target architecture (e.g., use ``...\x64\devcon.exe`` for a 64 bit
driver). You can also download `DevCon's source code`_ and compile it
yourself.
For Win7 and older, code signing is optional and will yield a warning during
installation when missing. Simply click continue to install the driver anyway.
To activate the WDK test signing, use VS build-in Driver Signing settings.
Right click :guilabel:`BixVReader-package` :menuselection:`Properties -->
Driver Signing --> Sign Mode --> Test Sign`. Import the WDKTestCert
certificate :file:`BixVReader-package.cer` into your windows keystore (e.g.
on local computer) and then install the driver. See
`Microsoft's Kernel-Mode Code Signing Walkthrough`_ for
details.
For debugging |vpcd| and building the driver with an older version of Visual
Studio or WDK please see `Fabio Ottavi's UMDF Driver for a Virtual Smart Card
Reader`_ for details. All of Fabio's card connectors (pipe reader/TCP/IP
reader) are still active by default.
********************************************************************************
Using the Virtual Smart Card
********************************************************************************
The protocol between |vpcd| and |vpicc| as well as details on extending |vpicc|
with a different card emulator are covered in :ref:`virtualsmartcard-api`. Here
we will focus on configuring and running the provided modules.
.. _vicc_config:
================================================================================
Configuring |vpcd| on Unix
================================================================================
The configuration file of |vpcd| is usually placed into
:file:`/etc/reader.conf.d/`. For older versions of PCSC-Lite you
need to run :command:`update-reader.conf` to update :command:`pcscd`'s main
configuration file. The PC/SC daemon should read it and load the
|vpcd| on startup. In debug mode :command:`pcscd -f -d` should say something
like "Attempting startup of Virtual PCD" when loading |vpcd|.
By default, |vpcd| opens a socket for |vpicc| and waits for incoming
connections. The port to open should be specified in ``CHANNELID`` and
``DEVICENAME``:
.. literalinclude:: vpcd_example.conf
:emphasize-lines: 2,4
If the first part of the ``DEVICENAME`` is different from ``/dev/null``, |vpcd|
will use this string as a hostname for connecting to a waiting |vpicc|. |vpicc|
needs to be started with :option:`--reversed` in this case.
================================================================================
Configuring |vpcd| on Mac OS X
================================================================================
Mac OS X 10.9 and earlier is using PCSC-Lite as smart card service which allows
using the standard routine for :ref:`configuration on Unix<vicc_config>`.
On Mac OS X 10.10 you should have configured the generation of
:file:`Info.plist` at compile time. Now do the following for registering |vpcd|
as USB device:
1. Choose an USB device (e.g. mass storage, phone, mouse, ...), which will be
used to start |vpcd|. Plug it into the computer.
2. Run the following command to get the device's product and vendor ID::
system_profiler SPUSBDataType
3. Change :file:`/usr/libexec/SmartCardServices/drivers/ifd-vpcd.bundle/Info.plist`
to match your product and vendor ID:
.. literalinclude:: Info.plist
:emphasize-lines: 34,39
Note that ``ifdFriendlyName`` can be used in the same way as ``DEVICENAME``
:ref:`described above<vicc_config>`.
4. Restart the PC/SC service::
sudo killall -SIGKILL -m .*com.apple.ifdreader
Now, every time you plug in your USB device |vpcd| will be started. It will be
stopped when you unplug the device.
================================================================================
Configuring |vpcd| on Windows
================================================================================
The configuration file `BixVReader.ini` of |vpcd| is usually placed into
:file:`C:\\Windows` (:envvar:`SystemRoot`). The user mode device driver
framework (:command:`WUDFHost.exe`) should read it automatically and load the
|vpcd| on startup. The Windows Device Manager :command:`mmc devmgmt.msc` should
list the :guilabel:`Bix Virtual Smart Card Reader`.
|vpcd| opens a socket for |vpicc| and waits for incoming
connections. The port to open should be specified in ``TCP_PORT``:
.. literalinclude:: ../../virtualsmartcard/win32/BixVReader/BixVReader.ini
:emphasize-lines: 8
Currently it is not possible to configure the Windows driver to connect to an
|vpicc| running with :option:`--reversed`.
================================================================================
Running |vpicc|
================================================================================
The compiled `Windows binaries`_ of |vpicc| include OpenPACE. The other
dependencies listed above need to be installed seperately. You can start the
|vpicc| via :command:`python.exe vicc.py`. On all other systems an executable
script :command:`vicc` is installed using the autotools.
The |vpicc| option :option:`--help` gives an overview about the command line
switches:
.. program-output:: vicc --help
.. versionadded:: 0.7
We implemented :command:`vpcd-config` which tries to guess the local IP
address and outputs |vpcd|'s configuration. |vpicc|'s options should be
chosen accordingly (:option:`--hostname` and :option:`--port`)
:command:`vpcd-config` also prints a QR code for configuration of the
:ref:`remote-reader`.
When |vpcd| and |vpicc| are connected you should be able to access the card
through the PC/SC API. You can use the :command:`opensc-explorer` or
:command:`pcsc_scan` for testing. In Virtual Smart Card's root directory we also
provide scripts for testing with npa-tool_ and PCSC-Lite's smart card
reader driver tester.
.. include:: questions.txt
********************
Notes and References
********************
.. target-notes::
.. [#footnote1] With VS 2013 and WDK 8.1 no Windows XP driver can be build. You need to use an older version of VS with WDK 7.1.0.
.. [#footnote2] Note that WudfUpdate_01009.dll for 32 bit will be around 1795 KB and for 64 bit around 2102 KB big.
.. _cyberflex-shell: https://github.com/henryk/cyberflex-shell
.. _PCSC-lite: http://pcsclite.alioth.debian.org/
.. _Python: http://www.python.org/
.. _pyscard: http://pyscard.sourceforge.net/
.. _PyCrypto: http://pycrypto.org/
.. _PBKDF2: https://www.dlitz.net/software/python-pbkdf2/
.. _readline: https://docs.python.org/3.3/library/readline.html
.. _PyReadline: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyreadline
.. _PIL: http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/
.. _OpenPACE: https://github.com/frankmorgner/openpace
.. _libqrencode: https://fukuchi.org/works/qrencode/
.. _`Fabio Ottavi's UMDF Driver for a Virtual Smart Card Reader`: http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/134010/An-UMDF-Driver-for-a-Virtual-Smart-Card-Reader
.. _`Windows Driver Kit 8.1 and Visual Studio 2013`: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/hardware/hh852365.aspx
.. _`DevCon's source code`: https://github.com/Microsoft/Windows-driver-samples/tree/master/setup/devcon
.. _`Microsoft's Kernel-Mode Code Signing Walkthrough`: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/dn653569%28v=vs.85%29.aspx
.. _`Windows binaries`: https://github.com/frankmorgner/vsmartcard/releases/download/virtualsmartcard-0.7/virtualsmartcard-0.7_win32.zip
.. _npa-tool: https://github.com/frankmorgner/OpenSC

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.. |vpicc| replace:: :abbr:`vpicc (virtual smart card)`
.. |vpcd| replace:: :abbr:`vpcd (virtual smart card reader)`
.. |APDU| replace:: :abbr:`APDU (Application Protocol Data Unit)`
.. |SWs| replace:: :abbr:`SWs (status bytes SW 1 and SW 2)`
.. |SAM| replace:: :abbr:`SAM (Secure Access Module)`
.. _virtualsmartcard-api:
*****************************
Creating a Virtual Smart Card
*****************************
|vpcd| communicates over a socked with |vpicc| usually on port ``0x8C7B``
(configurably via :file:`/etc/reader.conf.d/vpcd`). So you can connect
virtually any program to the virtual smart card reader, as long as you respect
the following protocol:
.. _vpcd-commands:
============= ==================== ============= =============
|vpcd| |vpicc|
---------------------------------- ---------------------------
Length Command Length Response
============= ==================== ============= =============
``0x00 0x01`` ``0x00`` (Power Off) (No Response)
``0x00 0x01`` ``0x01`` (Power On) (No Response)
``0x00 0x01`` ``0x02`` (Reset) (No Response)
``0x00 0x01`` ``0x04`` (Get ATR) ``0xXX 0xXX`` (ATR)
``0xXX 0xXX`` (APDU) ``0xXX 0xXX`` (R-APDU)
============= ==================== ============= =============
The communication is initiated by |vpcd|. First the length of the data (in
network byte order, i.e. big endian) is sent followed by the data itself.
===================================
Documentation to Virtual Smart Card
===================================
.. toctree::
api/virtualsmartcard
========
Examples
========
---------------------------------------
Implementing a ISO 7816 like Smart Card
---------------------------------------
|vpicc| includes an emulation of a card acting according to ISO 7816. This
includes all standard commands for file management and secure messaging.
Let's assume we want to create a cryptoflex card, that acts mostly according to
ISO 7816. In this example we only want to add little things that differ from
ISO 7816. But as for most complex software you need to know where you need to
hook into. Here we only want to give an overview to the design, the complete
details can be found in section `Documentation to Virtual Smart Card`_.
Back to the cryptoflex example.
:class:`~virtualsmartcard.VirtualSmartcard.VirtualICC` provides the connection
to the virtual smart card reader. It fetches an |APDU| and other requests from
the |vpcd|. In :class:`~virtualsmartcard.VirtualSmartcard.VirtualICC` an |APDU|
is only a buffer that is forwarded to the smart card OS. First we modify
:class:`~virtualsmartcard.VirtualSmartcard.VirtualICC` to recognize a new type
``"cryptoflex"`` and to load
:class:`~virtualsmartcard.cards.cryptoflex.CryptoflexOS`. The
:class:`~virtualsmartcard.CardGenerator` is used to create a file system and a
|SAM| specific to the cryptoflex (we come back to this later).
.. literalinclude:: virtualsmartcard/VirtualSmartcard.py
:pyobject: VirtualICC.__init__
:emphasize-lines: 35-37
Responses from our cryptoflex card look the same as for the 7816 card. But when
a command was successfull (or not) there is a little difference in what is
returned. So we need to edit
:class:`~virtualsmartcard.cards.cryptoflex.CryptoflexOS.formatResult`, which is
called to encode the |SWs| and the resulting data.
.. literalinclude:: virtualsmartcard/cards/cryptoflex.py
:pyobject: CryptoflexOS.formatResult
Note that this also requires some insight knowledge about how
:class:`~virtualsmartcard.VirtualSmartcard.Iso7816OS` works.
The previously created |SAM| handles keys, encryption, secure messaging and so
on (we will not go into more details here). The file system creates, selects
and reads contents of files or directories. File handling for our cryptoflex
card is similar to ISO 7816, but the meaning of P1, P2 and the |APDU| data is
completely different when creating a file on the smart card. So we derive
:class:`~virtualsmartcard.cards.cryptoflex.CryptoflexMF` from
:class:`~virtualsmartcard.SmartcardFilesystem.MF` and modify
:class:`~virtualsmartcard.cards.cryptoflex.CryptoflexMF.create` to our needs.
.. literalinclude:: virtualsmartcard/cards/cryptoflex.py
:pyobject: CryptoflexMF.create
As you can see it is quite simple to extend the virtual smart card to your
requirements. Simply overwrite those functions, that differ from ISO 78166. But
as said before, the virtual smart card is quite complex and you might have to
read some documentation or even source code to find out where it's best to do
your modifications...
----------------------------------
Implementing an Other Type of Card
----------------------------------
If you have a card entirely different to ISO 7816, you surely want to avoid all
magic that is done while parsing a buffer (an |APDU|). As example we will
connect to an other smart card using PC/SC and forward it to |vpcd|.
As before with the cryptoflex card, we let
:class:`~virtualsmartcard.VirtualSmartcard.VirtualICC` recognize the new type
``"relay"``. :class:`~virtualsmartcard.cards.Relay.RelayOS` overwrites all
main functions from the template
:class:`~virtualsmartcard.VirtualSmartcard.SmartcardOS`. Its functions correspond
to the :ref:`commands sent by vpcd <vpcd-commands>`. If you know how to use
`pyscard <http://pyscard.sourceforge.net/>`_ then the rest is pretty straight
forward, but see yourself...
.. literalinclude:: virtualsmartcard/cards/Relay.py
:pyobject: RelayOS

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CardGenerator Module
====================
.. inheritance-diagram:: virtualsmartcard.CardGenerator
.. automodule:: virtualsmartcard.CardGenerator
:members:
:undoc-members:
:inherited-members:
:show-inheritance:
:private-members:

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ConstantDefinitions Module
==========================
.. inheritance-diagram:: virtualsmartcard.ConstantDefinitions
.. automodule:: virtualsmartcard.ConstantDefinitions
:members:
:undoc-members:
:inherited-members:
:show-inheritance:
:private-members:

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CryptoUtils Module
==================
.. inheritance-diagram:: virtualsmartcard.CryptoUtils
.. automodule:: virtualsmartcard.CryptoUtils
:members:
:undoc-members:
:inherited-members:
:show-inheritance:
:private-members:

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SEutils Module
==============
.. inheritance-diagram:: virtualsmartcard.SEutils
.. automodule:: virtualsmartcard.SEutils
:members:
:undoc-members:
:inherited-members:
:show-inheritance:
:private-members:

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SWutils Module
==============
.. inheritance-diagram:: virtualsmartcard.SWutils
.. automodule:: virtualsmartcard.SWutils
:members:
:undoc-members:
:inherited-members:
:show-inheritance:
:private-members:

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SmartcardFilesystem Module
==========================
.. inheritance-diagram:: virtualsmartcard.SmartcardFilesystem
.. automodule:: virtualsmartcard.SmartcardFilesystem
:members:
:undoc-members:
:inherited-members:
:show-inheritance:
:private-members:

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SmartcardSAM Module
===================
.. inheritance-diagram:: virtualsmartcard.SmartcardSAM
.. automodule:: virtualsmartcard.SmartcardSAM
:members:
:undoc-members:
:inherited-members:
:show-inheritance:
:private-members:

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TLVutils Module
===============
.. inheritance-diagram:: virtualsmartcard.TLVutils
.. automodule:: virtualsmartcard.TLVutils
:members:
:undoc-members:
:inherited-members:
:show-inheritance:
:private-members:

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VirtualSmartcard Module
=======================
.. inheritance-diagram:: virtualsmartcard.VirtualSmartcard
.. automodule:: virtualsmartcard.VirtualSmartcard
:members:
:undoc-members:
:inherited-members:
:show-inheritance:
:private-members:

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HandlerTest Module
==================
.. inheritance-diagram:: virtualsmartcard.cards.HandlerTest
.. automodule:: virtualsmartcard.cards.HandlerTest
:members:
:undoc-members:
:inherited-members:
:show-inheritance:
:private-members:

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Relay Module
============
.. inheritance-diagram:: virtualsmartcard.cards.Relay
.. automodule:: virtualsmartcard.cards.Relay
:members:
:undoc-members:
:inherited-members:
:show-inheritance:
:private-members:

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cryptoflex Module
=================
.. inheritance-diagram:: virtualsmartcard.cards.cryptoflex
.. automodule:: virtualsmartcard.cards.cryptoflex
:members:
:undoc-members:
:inherited-members:
:show-inheritance:
:private-members:

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ePass Module
============
.. inheritance-diagram:: virtualsmartcard.cards.ePass
.. automodule:: virtualsmartcard.cards.ePass
:members:
:undoc-members:
:inherited-members:
:show-inheritance:
:private-members:

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nPA Module
==========
.. inheritance-diagram:: virtualsmartcard.cards.nPA
.. automodule:: virtualsmartcard.cards.nPA
:members:
:undoc-members:
:inherited-members:
:show-inheritance:
:private-members:

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cards Package
=============
.. toctree::
virtualsmartcard.cards.HandlerTest
virtualsmartcard.cards.Relay
virtualsmartcard.cards.cryptoflex
virtualsmartcard.cards.ePass
virtualsmartcard.cards.nPA

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CardGenerator_test Module
=========================
.. inheritance-diagram:: virtualsmartcard.tests.CardGenerator_test
.. automodule:: virtualsmartcard.tests.CardGenerator_test
:members:
:undoc-members:
:inherited-members:
:show-inheritance:
:private-members:

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CryptoUtils_test Module
=======================
.. inheritance-diagram:: virtualsmartcard.tests.CryptoUtils_test
.. automodule:: virtualsmartcard.tests.CryptoUtils_test
:members:
:undoc-members:
:inherited-members:
:show-inheritance:
:private-members:

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SmartcardSAM_test Module
========================
.. inheritance-diagram:: virtualsmartcard.tests.SmartcardSAM_test
.. automodule:: virtualsmartcard.tests.SmartcardSAM_test
:members:
:undoc-members:
:inherited-members:
:show-inheritance:
:private-members:

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tests Package
=============
.. toctree::
virtualsmartcard.tests.CardGenerator_test
virtualsmartcard.tests.CryptoUtils_test
virtualsmartcard.tests.SmartcardSAM_test
virtualsmartcard.tests.utils_test

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utils_test Module
=================
.. inheritance-diagram:: virtualsmartcard.tests.utils_test
.. automodule:: virtualsmartcard.tests.utils_test
:members:
:undoc-members:
:inherited-members:
:show-inheritance:
:private-members:

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virtualsmartcard Package
========================
.. toctree::
virtualsmartcard.cards
virtualsmartcard.tests
virtualsmartcard.CardGenerator
virtualsmartcard.ConstantDefinitions
virtualsmartcard.CryptoUtils
virtualsmartcard.SEutils
virtualsmartcard.SWutils
virtualsmartcard.SmartcardFilesystem
virtualsmartcard.SmartcardSAM
virtualsmartcard.TLVutils
virtualsmartcard.VirtualSmartcard
virtualsmartcard.utils

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utils Module
============
.. inheritance-diagram:: virtualsmartcard.utils
.. automodule:: virtualsmartcard.utils
:members:
:undoc-members:
:inherited-members:
:show-inheritance:
:private-members: