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.. highlight:: sh
.. |vpicc| replace:: :abbr:`vpicc (virtual smart card)`
.. |vpcd| replace:: :abbr:`vpcd (virtual smart card reader)`
.. |BAC| replace:: :abbr:`BAC (Basic Access Control)`
.. |PACE| replace:: :abbr:`PACE (Password Authenticated Connection Establishment)`
.. |TA| replace:: :abbr:`TA (Terminal Authenticatation)`
.. |CA| replace:: :abbr:`CA (Chip Authentication)`
.. |EAC| replace:: :abbr:`EAC (Extended Access Control)`
.. _vicc:
################################################################################
Virtual Smart Card
################################################################################
.. sidebar:: Summary
Smart card emulator written in Python
:Authors:
- `Frank Morgner <frankmorgner@gmail.com>`_
- `Dominik Oepen <oepen@informatik.hu-berlin.de>`_
:License:
GPL version 3
:Tested Platforms:
- Windows
- Mac OS X
- Linux (Debian, Ubuntu, OpenMoko)
Virtual Smart Card emulates a smart card and makes it accessible through PC/SC.
Currently the Virtual Smart Card supports the following types of smart cards:
- Generic ISO-7816 smart card including secure messaging
- German electronic identity card (nPA) with complete support for |EAC|
(|PACE|, |TA|, |CA|)
- Electronic passport (ePass/MRTD) with support for |BAC|
- Cryptoflex smart card (incomplete)
The |vpcd| is a smart card reader driver for PCSC-Lite_ and the windows smart
card service. It allows smart card applications to access the |vpicc| through
the PC/SC API. By default |vpcd| opens slots for communication with multiple
|vpicc|'s on localhost on port 35963 and port 35964. But the |vpicc| does not
need to run on the same machine as the |vpcd|, they can connect over the
internet for example.
Although the Virtual Smart Card is a software emulator, you can use
:ref:`pcsc-relay` to make it accessible to an external contact-less smart card
reader.
The file :file:`utils.py` was taken from Henryk Plötz's cyberflex-shell_.
.. tikz:: Virtual Smart Card used with PCSC-Lite or WinSCard
:stringsubst:
:libs: arrows, calc, fit, patterns, plotmarks, shapes.geometric, shapes.misc, shapes.symbols, shapes.arrows, shapes.callouts, shapes.multipart, shapes.gates.logic.US, shapes.gates.logic.IEC, er, automata, backgrounds, chains, topaths, trees, petri, mindmap, matrix, calendar, folding, fadings, through, positioning, scopes, decorations.fractals, decorations.shapes, decorations.text, decorations.pathmorphing, decorations.pathreplacing, decorations.footprints, decorations.markings, shadows
\input{%(wd)s/bilder/tikzstyles.tex}
\node (pcsclite)
[klein, aktivbox, inner xsep=.7cm, text width=3cm]
{PC/SC Framework\\\
(\texttt{pcscd} or \texttt{SCardSvr})
};
\node (sca) [aktivbox, klein, left=of pcsclite] {Smart Card\\Application};
\node (vpcd) [box, at=(pcsclite.east), xshift=-.3cm] {\texttt{vpcd}};
\node (vicc) [aktivbox, right=2cm of pcsclite] {\texttt{vicc}};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\path[linie]
(sca) edge (pcsclite)
(vpcd) edge node {\includegraphics[width=1.2cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/simplecloud.pdf}} (vicc)
;
\end{pgfonlayer}
.. versionadded:: 0.7
The Virtual Smart Card optionally brings its own standalone implementation of
PC/SC. This allows accessing |vpicc| without PCSC-Lite. Our PC/SC
implementation acts as replacement for ``libpcsclite`` which can lead to
problems when used in parallel with PCSC-Lite.
.. tikz:: Virtual Smart Card used with its own PC/SC implementation
:stringsubst:
:libs: arrows, calc, fit, patterns, plotmarks, shapes.geometric, shapes.misc, shapes.symbols, shapes.arrows, shapes.callouts, shapes.multipart, shapes.gates.logic.US, shapes.gates.logic.IEC, er, automata, backgrounds, chains, topaths, trees, petri, mindmap, matrix, calendar, folding, fadings, through, positioning, scopes, decorations.fractals, decorations.shapes, decorations.text, decorations.pathmorphing, decorations.pathreplacing, decorations.footprints, decorations.markings, shadows
\input{%(wd)s/bilder/tikzstyles.tex}
\node (pcsclite)
[klein, box, text width=4cm]
{Virtual Smart Card's\\
PC/SC Framework
};
\node (sca) [aktivbox, klein, left=of pcsclite] {Smart Card\\Application};
\node (vicc) [aktivbox, right=2cm of pcsclite] {\texttt{vicc}};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\path[linie]
(sca) edge (pcsclite)
(pcsclite) edge node {\includegraphics[width=1.5cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/simplecloud.pdf}} (vicc)
;
\end{pgfonlayer}
On Android, where a traditional PC/SC framework is not available, you can use
our framework to make your real contact-less smart accessible through PKCS#11.
For example, an email signing application can use the PKCS#11 interface of
OpenSC, which is linked against our PC/SC implementation. Then an Android App
(e.g. :ref:`remote-reader`) can connect as |vpicc| delegating all requests and
responses via NFC to a contact-less smart card that signs the mail.
Depending on your usage of the |vpicc| you may need to install the following:
- Python_
- pyscard_ (relaying a local smart card with :option:`--type=relay`)
- PyCrypto_, PBKDF2_, PIL_, readline_ or PyReadline_ (emulation of electronic
passport with :option:`--type=ePass`)
- OpenPACE_ (emulation of German identity card with :option:`--type=nPA`)
- libqrencode_ (to print a QR code on the command line for `vpcd-config`; an
URL will be printed if libqrencode is not available)
.. include:: download.txt
.. _vicc_install:
.. include:: autotools.txt
================================================================================
Building and installing |vpcd| on Mac OS X
================================================================================
Mac OS X 10.9 and earlier is using PCSC-Lite as smart card service which allows
using the standard routine for :ref:`installation on Unix<vicc_install>`.
Mac OS X 10.10 (and later) ships with a proprietary implementation of the PC/SC
layer instead of with PCSC-Lite. As far as we know, this means that smart card
readers must be USB devices instead of directly allowing a more generic type of
reader. To make |vpcd| work we simply configure it to pretend being a USB smart
card reader with an :file:`Ìnfo.plist`::
./configure --prefix=/ --enable-infoplist
make
make install
================================================================================
Building and installing |vpcd| on Windows
================================================================================
.. versionadded:: 0.7
We implemented |vpcd| as user mode device driver for Windows so that
|vpicc| can directly be used in Windows' smart card applications that use
PC/SC.
For the Windows integration we extended `Fabio Ottavi's UMDF Driver for a
Virtual Smart Card Reader`_ with a |vpcd| interface. To build |vpcd| for
Windows we use `Windows Driver Kit 8.1 and Visual Studio 2013`_. If you choose
to download the `Windows binaries`_, you may directly jump to step 3.
1. In Visual Studio select :menuselection:`File --> Open --> Convert
Sources/Dirs...` and choose the vpcd's :file:`sources` either in the
:file:`WinXP` [#footnote1]_ or :file:`Win7` folder.
When successfully imported, ensure with the configuration manager, that both
of the created projects are built for the same platform (x64 or Win32).
2. If you can successfully :guilabel:`Build the solution`, you can find the
install package in :file:`BixVReader-package`. It contains `BixVReader.inf`
and the required libraries, especially `BixVReader.dll` and
`WudfUpdate_01009.dll` [#footnote2]_.
3. Copy :file:`win32\\BixVReader\\BixVReader.ini` into the :envvar:`%SystemRoot%`
directory.
4. In a console with administrator rights go to :file:`BixVReader-package` and
install the driver::
"C:\Program Files\Windows Kits\8.1\Tools\x86\devcon.exe" install BixVReader.inf root\BixVirtualReader
You can adjust the path to ``devcon.exe`` with your version of the WDK and
your target architecture (e.g., use ``...\x64\devcon.exe`` for a 64 bit
driver). You can also download `DevCon's source code`_ and compile it
yourself.
For Win7 and older, code signing is optional and will yield a warning during
installation when missing. Simply click continue to install the driver anyway.
To activate the WDK test signing, use VS build-in Driver Signing settings.
Right click :guilabel:`BixVReader-package` :menuselection:`Properties -->
Driver Signing --> Sign Mode --> Test Sign`. Import the WDKTestCert
certificate :file:`BixVReader-package.cer` into your windows keystore (e.g.
on local computer) and then install the driver. See
`Microsoft's Kernel-Mode Code Signing Walkthrough`_ for
details.
For debugging |vpcd| and building the driver with an older version of Visual
Studio or WDK please see `Fabio Ottavi's UMDF Driver for a Virtual Smart Card
Reader`_ for details. All of Fabio's card connectors (pipe reader/TCP/IP
reader) are still active by default.
********************************************************************************
Using the Virtual Smart Card
********************************************************************************
The protocol between |vpcd| and |vpicc| as well as details on extending |vpicc|
with a different card emulator are covered in :ref:`virtualsmartcard-api`. Here
we will focus on configuring and running the provided modules.
.. _vicc_config:
================================================================================
Configuring |vpcd| on Unix
================================================================================
The configuration file of |vpcd| is usually placed into
:file:`/etc/reader.conf.d/`. For older versions of PCSC-Lite you
need to run :command:`update-reader.conf` to update :command:`pcscd`'s main
configuration file. The PC/SC daemon should read it and load the
|vpcd| on startup. In debug mode :command:`pcscd -f -d` should say something
like "Attempting startup of Virtual PCD" when loading |vpcd|.
By default, |vpcd| opens a socket for |vpicc| and waits for incoming
connections. The port to open should be specified in ``CHANNELID`` and
``DEVICENAME``:
.. literalinclude:: vpcd_example.conf
:emphasize-lines: 2,4
If the first part of the ``DEVICENAME`` is different from ``/dev/null``, |vpcd|
will use this string as a hostname for connecting to a waiting |vpicc|. |vpicc|
needs to be started with :option:`--reversed` in this case.
================================================================================
Configuring |vpcd| on Mac OS X
================================================================================
Mac OS X 10.9 and earlier is using PCSC-Lite as smart card service which allows
using the standard routine for :ref:`configuration on Unix<vicc_config>`.
On Mac OS X 10.10 you should have configured the generation of
:file:`Info.plist` at compile time. Now do the following for registering |vpcd|
as USB device:
1. Choose an USB device (e.g. mass storage, phone, mouse, ...), which will be
used to start |vpcd|. Plug it into the computer.
2. Run the following command to get the device's product and vendor ID::
system_profiler SPUSBDataType
3. Change :file:`/usr/libexec/SmartCardServices/drivers/ifd-vpcd.bundle/Info.plist`
to match your product and vendor ID:
.. literalinclude:: Info.plist
:emphasize-lines: 34,39
Note that ``ifdFriendlyName`` can be used in the same way as ``DEVICENAME``
:ref:`described above<vicc_config>`.
4. Restart the PC/SC service::
sudo killall -SIGKILL -m .*com.apple.ifdreader
Now, every time you plug in your USB device |vpcd| will be started. It will be
stopped when you unplug the device.
================================================================================
Configuring |vpcd| on Windows
================================================================================
The configuration file `BixVReader.ini` of |vpcd| is usually placed into
:file:`C:\\Windows` (:envvar:`SystemRoot`). The user mode device driver
framework (:command:`WUDFHost.exe`) should read it automatically and load the
|vpcd| on startup. The Windows Device Manager :command:`mmc devmgmt.msc` should
list the :guilabel:`Bix Virtual Smart Card Reader`.
|vpcd| opens a socket for |vpicc| and waits for incoming
connections. The port to open should be specified in ``TCP_PORT``:
.. literalinclude:: ../../virtualsmartcard/win32/BixVReader/BixVReader.ini
:emphasize-lines: 8
Currently it is not possible to configure the Windows driver to connect to an
|vpicc| running with :option:`--reversed`.
================================================================================
Running |vpicc|
================================================================================
The compiled `Windows binaries`_ of |vpicc| include OpenPACE. The other
dependencies listed above need to be installed seperately. You can start the
|vpicc| via :command:`python.exe vicc.py`. On all other systems an executable
script :command:`vicc` is installed using the autotools.
The |vpicc| option :option:`--help` gives an overview about the command line
switches:
.. program-output:: vicc --help
.. versionadded:: 0.7
We implemented :command:`vpcd-config` which tries to guess the local IP
address and outputs |vpcd|'s configuration. |vpicc|'s options should be
chosen accordingly (:option:`--hostname` and :option:`--port`)
:command:`vpcd-config` also prints a QR code for configuration of the
:ref:`remote-reader`.
When |vpcd| and |vpicc| are connected you should be able to access the card
through the PC/SC API. You can use the :command:`opensc-explorer` or
:command:`pcsc_scan` for testing. In Virtual Smart Card's root directory we also
provide scripts for testing with npa-tool_ and PCSC-Lite's smart card
reader driver tester.
.. include:: questions.txt
********************
Notes and References
********************
.. target-notes::
.. [#footnote1] With VS 2013 and WDK 8.1 no Windows XP driver can be build. You need to use an older version of VS with WDK 7.1.0.
.. [#footnote2] Note that WudfUpdate_01009.dll for 32 bit will be around 1795 KB and for 64 bit around 2102 KB big.
.. _cyberflex-shell: https://github.com/henryk/cyberflex-shell
.. _PCSC-lite: http://pcsclite.alioth.debian.org/
.. _Python: http://www.python.org/
.. _pyscard: http://pyscard.sourceforge.net/
.. _PyCrypto: http://pycrypto.org/
.. _PBKDF2: https://www.dlitz.net/software/python-pbkdf2/
.. _readline: https://docs.python.org/3.3/library/readline.html
.. _PyReadline: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyreadline
.. _PIL: http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/
.. _OpenPACE: https://github.com/frankmorgner/openpace
.. _libqrencode: https://fukuchi.org/works/qrencode/
.. _`Fabio Ottavi's UMDF Driver for a Virtual Smart Card Reader`: http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/134010/An-UMDF-Driver-for-a-Virtual-Smart-Card-Reader
.. _`Windows Driver Kit 8.1 and Visual Studio 2013`: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/hardware/hh852365.aspx
.. _`DevCon's source code`: https://github.com/Microsoft/Windows-driver-samples/tree/master/setup/devcon
.. _`Microsoft's Kernel-Mode Code Signing Walkthrough`: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/dn653569%28v=vs.85%29.aspx
.. _`Windows binaries`: https://github.com/frankmorgner/vsmartcard/releases/download/virtualsmartcard-0.7/virtualsmartcard-0.7_win32.zip
.. _npa-tool: https://github.com/frankmorgner/OpenSC