.. highlight:: sh
.. |vpicc| replace:: :abbr:`vpicc (virtual smart card)`
.. |vpcd| replace:: :abbr:`vpcd (virtual smart card reader)`
.. |BAC| replace:: :abbr:`BAC (Basic Access Control)`
.. |PACE| replace:: :abbr:`PACE (Password Authenticated Connection Establishment)`
.. |TA| replace:: :abbr:`TA (Terminal Authenticatation)`
.. |CA| replace:: :abbr:`CA (Chip Authentication)`
.. |EAC| replace:: :abbr:`EAC (Extended Access Control)`
.. _vicc:
################################################################################
Virtual Smart Card
################################################################################
.. sidebar:: Summary
Smart card emulator written in Python
:Authors:
- `Frank Morgner <morgner@informatik.hu-berlin.de>`_
- `Dominik Oepen <oepen@informatik.hu-berlin.de>`_
:License:
GPL version 3
:Tested Platforms:
- Linux (Debian, Ubuntu, OpenMoko)
- Windows
Virtual Smart Card emulates a smart card and makes it accessible through PC/SC.
Currently the Virtual Smart Card supports the following types of smart cards:
- Generic ISO-7816 smart card including secure messaging
- German electronic identity card (nPA) with complete support for |EAC| (|PACE|, |TA|, |CA|)
- German electronic passport (ePass) with complete support for |BAC|
- Cryptoflex smart card (incomplete)
The |vpcd| is a smart card reader driver for PCSC-Lite_ and the windows smart
card service. It allows smart card applications to access the |vpicc| through
the PC/SC API. By default |vpcd| opens slots for communication with multiple
|vpicc|'s on localhost from port 35963 to port 35972. But the |vpicc| does not
need to run on the same machine as the |vpcd|, they can connect over the
internet for example.
Although the Virtual Smart Card is a software emulator, you can use
:ref:`pcsc-relay` to make it accessible to an external contact-less smart card
reader.
The file :file:`utils.py` was taken from Henryk Plötz's cyberflex-shell_.
.. tikz:: Virtual Smart Card used with PCSC-Lite
:stringsubst:
:libs: arrows, calc, fit, patterns, plotmarks, shapes.geometric, shapes.misc, shapes.symbols, shapes.arrows, shapes.callouts, shapes.multipart, shapes.gates.logic.US, shapes.gates.logic.IEC, er, automata, backgrounds, chains, topaths, trees, petri, mindmap, matrix, calendar, folding, fadings, through, positioning, scopes, decorations.fractals, decorations.shapes, decorations.text, decorations.pathmorphing, decorations.pathreplacing, decorations.footprints, decorations.markings, shadows
\input{%(wd)s/bilder/tikzstyles.tex}
\node (pcsclite)
[klein, aktivbox, shape=rectangle split, rectangle split parts=3, inner xsep=3em]
{PCSC-Lite
\nodepart{second}
\footnotesize \texttt{libpcsclite}
\nodepart{third}
\footnotesize \texttt{pcscd}
};
\node (pcsc) [box, kleiner, at=(pcsclite.two west)] {PC/SC};
\node (sca) [aktivbox, klein, left=of pcsc, align=center] {Smart Card\\Application};
\node (vpcd) [box, at=(pcsclite.three east)] {\texttt{vpcd}};
\node (vicc) [aktivbox, right=of vpcd] {\texttt{vicc}};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\path[linie]
(sca) edge (pcsc)
(vpcd) edge (vicc)
;
\end{pgfonlayer}
.. versionadded:: 0.7
We implemented |vpcd| as user mode device driver for Windows so that
|vpicc| can directly be used in Windows' smart card applications that use
PC/SC.
.. versionadded:: 0.7
The Virtual Smart Card optionally brings its own standalone implementation of
PC/SC. This allows accessing |vpicc| without PCSC-Lite. Our PC/SC
implementation acts as replacement for ``libpcsclite`` which can lead to
problems when used in parallel with PCSC-Lite.
.. tikz:: Virtual Smart Card used with its own PC/SC implementation
:stringsubst:
:libs: arrows, calc, fit, patterns, plotmarks, shapes.geometric, shapes.misc, shapes.symbols, shapes.arrows, shapes.callouts, shapes.multipart, shapes.gates.logic.US, shapes.gates.logic.IEC, er, automata, backgrounds, chains, topaths, trees, petri, mindmap, matrix, calendar, folding, fadings, through, positioning, scopes, decorations.fractals, decorations.shapes, decorations.text, decorations.pathmorphing, decorations.pathreplacing, decorations.footprints, decorations.markings, shadows
\input{%(wd)s/bilder/tikzstyles.tex}
\node (pcsclite)
[box, shape=rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2, inner xsep=3em]
{Virtual Smart Card
\nodepart{second}
\footnotesize \texttt{libpcsclite} with \texttt{vpcd}
};
\node (pcsc) [box, kleiner, at=(pcsclite.two west)] {PC/SC};
\node (sca) [aktivbox, klein, left=of pcsc, align=center] {Smart Card\\Application};
\node (vicc) [aktivbox, right=of pcsclite.two east] {\texttt{vicc}};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\path[linie]
(sca) edge (pcsc)
(pcsclite.two east) edge (vicc)
;
\end{pgfonlayer}
.. include:: relay-note.txt
.. include:: download.txt
.. include:: autotools.txt
Depending on your usage of the |vpicc| you might or might not need
the following:
- Python_
- pyscard_
- PyCrypto_
- PBKDF2_
- PIP_
- OpenPACE_ (nPA emulation)
================================================================================
Building and installing |vpcd| on Windows
================================================================================
For the Windows integration we extended `Fabio Ottavi's UMDF Driver for a
Virtual Smart Card Reader`_ with a |vpcd| interface. To build |vpcd| for
Windows we use `Windows Driver Kit 8.1 and Visual Studio 2013`_:
1. In Visual Studio select :menuselection:`File --> Open --> Convert
Sources/Dirs...` and choose the vpcd's :file:`sources` either in the
:file:`WinXP` [#footnote1]_ or :file:`Win7` folder.
When successfully imported, ensure with the configuration manager, that both
of the created projects are built for the same platform (x64 or Win32).
2. If you can successfully :guilabel:`Build the solution`, you can find the
install package in :file:`BixVReader-package`. It contains `BixVReader.inf`
and the required libraries, especially `BixVReader.dll` and
`WudfUpdate_01009.dll` [#footnote2]_.
3. Copy :file:`win32\\BixVReader\\BixVReader.ini` into the :envvar:`%SystemRoot%`
directory.
4. In a console with administrator rights go to :file:`BixVReader-package` and
install the driver::
"C:\Program Files\Windows Kits\8.1\Tools\x86\devcon.exe" install BixVReader.inf root\BixVirtualReader
You can adjust the path to ``devcon.exe`` with your version of the WDK and
your target architecture (e.g., use ``...\x64\devcon.exe`` for a 64 bit
driver).
For Win7 and older, code signing is optional and will yield a warning during
installation when missing. Simply click continue to install the driver anyway.
To activate the WDK test signing, use VS build-in Driver Signing settings.
Right click :guilabel:`BixVReader-package` :menuselection:`Properties -->
Driver Signing --> Sign Mode --> Test Sign`. Import the WDKTestCert
certificate :file:`BixVReader-package.cer` into your windows keystore (e.g.
on local computer) and then install the driver. See
`Microsoft's Kernel-Mode Code Signing Walkthrough`_ for
details.
For debugging |vpcd| and building the driver with an older version of Visual
Studio or WDK please see `Fabio Ottavi's UMDF Driver for a Virtual Smart Card
Reader`_ for details.
********************************************************************************
Using the Virtual Smart Card
********************************************************************************
The protocol between |vpcd| and |vpicc| as well as details on extending |vpicc|
with a different card emulator are covered in :ref:`virtualsmartcard-api`. Here
we will focus on configuring and running the provided modules.
================================================================================
Configuring |vpcd| on Unix
================================================================================
The configuration file from |vpcd| is usually placed into
:file:`/etc/reader.conf.d/`. The PC/SC daemon should read it and load the
|vpcd| on startup. In debug mode :command:`pcscd -f -d` should say something
like "Attempting startup of Virtual PCD". For older versions of PCSC-Lite you
need to run :command:`update-reader.conf` to update :command:`pcscd`'s main
configuration file.
By default, |vpcd| opens a socket for |vpicc| and waits for incoming
connections. The port to open should be specified in ``CHANNELID`` and
``DEVICENAME``:
.. literalinclude:: vpcd_example.conf
:emphasize-lines: 2,4
If the first part of the ``DEVICENAME`` is different from ``/dev/null``, |vpcd|
will use this string as a hostname for connecting to a waiting |vpicc|. |vpicc|
needs to be started with :option:`--reversed` in this case.
================================================================================
Configuring |vpcd| on Windows
================================================================================
The configuration file `BixVReader.ini` from |vpcd| is usually placed into
:file:`C:\\Windows` (:envvar:`%SystemRoot%`). The PC/SC daemon should read it and load the
|vpcd| on startup. The Windows Device Manager should list the :guilabel:`Bix Virtual Smart Card Reader`.
|vpcd| opens a socket for |vpicc| and waits for incoming
connections. The port to open should be specified in ``TCP_PORT``:
.. literalinclude:: BixVReader.ini
:emphasize-lines: 8
Currently it is not possible to configure the Windows driver to connect to an
|vpicc| running with :option:`--reversed`.
================================================================================
Running |vpicc|
================================================================================
The command :command:`vicc --help` gives an overview about the command line
options of |vpicc|.
.. program-output:: vicc --help
On Windows you can start |vpicc| with :command:`python.exe src/vpicc/vicc.in`
or :command:`python.exe vicc`. Note emulating the German ID card
(:option:`--type nPA`) when running |vpicc| on Windows is currently not
supported, because OpenPACE's Python bindings are untested for Windows.
However, it is possible to connect an emulated ID card running on Linux to a
|vpcd| running on Windows.
When |vpcd| and |vpicc| are connected you should be able to access the card
through the PC/SC API. You can use the :command:`opensc-explorer` or
:command:`pcsc_scan` for testing. In Virtual Smart Card's root directory we also
provide scripts for testing with :ref:`libnpa` and PCSC-Lite's smart card
reader driver tester.
.. include:: questions.txt
********************
Notes and References
********************
.. target-notes::
.. [#footnote1] With VS 2013 and WDK 8.1 no Windows XP driver can be build. You need to use an older version of VS with WDK 7.1.0.
.. [#footnote2] Note that WudfUpdate_01009.dll for 32 bit will be around 1795 KB and for 64 bit around 2102 KB big.
.. _cyberflex-shell: https://github.com/henryk/cyberflex-shell
.. _PCSC-lite: http://pcsclite.alioth.debian.org/
.. _Python: http://www.python.org/
.. _pyscard: http://pyscard.sourceforge.net/
.. _PyCrypto: http://pycrypto.org/
.. _PBKDF2: https://www.dlitz.net/software/python-pbkdf2/
.. _PIP: http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/
.. _OpenPACE: https://github.com/frankmorgner/openpace
.. _`Fabio Ottavi's UMDF Driver for a Virtual Smart Card Reader`: http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/134010/An-UMDF-Driver-for-a-Virtual-Smart-Card-Reader
.. _`Windows Driver Kit 8.1 and Visual Studio 2013`: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/hardware/hh852365.aspx
.. _`Microsoft's Kernel-Mode Code Signing Walkthrough`: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/dn653569%28v=vs.85%29.aspx
