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<div class="section" id="pc-sc-relay">
<span id="pcsc-relay"></span><h1>PC/SC Relay<a class="headerlink" href="#pc-sc-relay" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<div class="sidebar">
<p class="first sidebar-title">Relay a smart card to a contactless interface</p>
<table class="last docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">License:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">GPL version 3</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name" colspan="2">Tested Platforms:</th></tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">
<li>Windows</li>
<li>Linux (Debian, Ubuntu, OpenMoko)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>Welcome to PC/SC Relay. The purpose of PC/SC Relay is to relay a smart
card using an contact-less interface. Currently the following contact-less
emulators are supported:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://nfc-tools.org/index.php?title=Devices_compatibility_matrix">Hardware supported by libnfc</a> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id1" id="id2">[1]</a></li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://www.openpcd.org/OpenPICC">OpenPICC</a> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id5" id="id6">[3]</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="../ACardEmulator/README.html#acardemulator"><span>Android Smart Card Emulator</span></a></li>
</ul>
<p>Command APDUs are received with the contact-less interface and relayed. The
Response APDUs are then sent back via RFID. The contact-less data will be
relayed to one of the following:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>to a <em>real</em> smart card inserted into one of the systems&#8217; smart card readers.
The smart card reader must be accessible with PC/SC. The smart card may be
contact-based <em>or</em> contact-less.</li>
<li>to a <a class="reference internal" href="../virtualsmartcard/README.html#vicc"><span>Virtual Smart Card</span></a> that directly connects to <strong class="command">pcsc-relay</strong>. The virtual
smart card&#8217;s native interface is used and (despite its name) PC/SC Relay
does not need to access PC/SC in this case.</li>
</ul>
<div class="figure">
<p><img src="../_images/tikz-8fc7b6e929778eb1580309be9c7c7aef1d76d34c.png" alt="\input{%(wd)s/bilder/tikzstyles.tex}
\node (pcsc-relay) {\texttt{pcsc-relay}};
\node [kleiner, right=2cm of pcsc-relay, yshift=.9cm]
(libnfc) {Libnfc Devices};
\node [kleiner, right=2cm of pcsc-relay, yshift=.3cm]
(openpicc) {OpenPICC};
\node [kleiner, right=2cm of pcsc-relay, yshift=-.3cm]
(vpcd) {Virtual Smart Card Reader};
\node [kleiner, right=2cm of pcsc-relay, yshift=-.9cm]
(acardemulator) {Android Smart Card Emulator};
\node [kleiner, left=2cm of pcsc-relay, yshift=.9cm]
(contactbased) {Contact-based Smart Card};
\node [kleiner, left=2cm of pcsc-relay, yshift=.3cm]
(contactless) {Contact-less Smart Card};
\node [kleiner, left=2cm of pcsc-relay, yshift=-.9cm]
(remotereader) {Remote Smart Card Reader};
\node [kleiner, left=2cm of pcsc-relay, yshift=-.3cm]
(virtual) {Virtual Smart Card};
\node [above=.3cm of pcsc-relay, kleiner, xshift=1.2cm]
(capdu) {Command APDU};
\node [below=.3cm of pcsc-relay, kleiner, xshift=-1.2cm]
(rapdu) {Response APDU};
\draw (rapdu.east) edge [pfeil] +(1,0);
\draw (capdu.west) edge [pfeil] +(-1,0);
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\path[line width=.5cm,color=hublue!20]
(pcsc-relay.mid) edge [out=180, in=0] (contactbased.east)
edge [out=180, in=0] (contactless.east)
edge [out=180, in=0] (virtual.east)
edge [out=180, in=0] (remotereader.east)
edge [out=0, in=180] (libnfc.west)
edge [out=0, in=180] (openpicc.west)
edge [out=0, in=180] (vpcd.west)
edge [out=0, in=180] (acardemulator.west)
;
\end{pgfonlayer}" /></p>
<p class="caption">Debug, Analyze and Emulate with PC/SC Relay</p></div><p>With PC/SC Relay you can relay a contact-less or contact based smart card
over a long distance. Also you can use it in combination with the <a class="reference internal" href="../virtualsmartcard/README.html#vicc"><span>Virtual Smart Card</span></a>
to completely emulate an ISO/IEC 14443 smart card.</p>
<div class="figure">
<p><img src="../_images/tikz-af7c500944810aa476bbd56c4c9693e6faec1d17.png" alt="\input{%(wd)s/bilder/tikzstyles.tex}
\tikzstyle{bla}=[shape=rectangle split, rectangle split parts=2,
every text node part/.style={align=center, klein}, text width=7cm,
every second node part/.style={kleiner}, inner sep=0pt]
\tikzstyle{keks}=[to path={-- ++(.1,0) |- (\tikztotarget)}]
\node (touchatag)
{\includegraphics[keepaspectratio, height=2cm,
width=2cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/touchatag.png}};
\node (touchatagbeschreibung) [below=0cm of touchatag, kleiner]
{touchatag};
\node (pcsc-relay) [right=of touchatag]
{\texttt{pcsc-relay}};
\node (pcsc-relaybeschreibung) [below=0cm of pcsc-relay, kleiner]
{NFC emulator
};
\node (vicc) [right=of pcsc-relay]
{\texttt{vicc -t nPA}};
\node (viccbeschreibung) [below=0cm of vicc, kleiner]
{nPA emulator};
\node (group) [fit=(touchatag) (pcsc-relay) (vicc) (touchatagbeschreibung)
(pcsc-relaybeschreibung) (viccbeschreibung)] {};
\node (funktionenchat) [below=0cm of group, bla]
{
PACE
\nodepart{second}
\begin{itemize}
\item Display context (eID/eSign)
\item Display requested permissions
\end{itemize}
};
\node (funktionenpace) [below=.5 of funktionenchat, bla]
{
Terminal Authentication
\nodepart{second}
\begin{itemize}
\item Verify authenticy of terminal
\item Check freshness of cv certificate
\item With certificate database
\begin{itemize}
\item Identification of service provider
\item Display purpose of transaction
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node (box) [fit=(touchatag) (pcsc-relay) (vicc) (touchatagbeschreibung)
(pcsc-relaybeschreibung) (viccbeschreibung) (funktionenchat)
(funktionenpace), box, inner sep=.5cm] {};
\node (boxbild) at (box.north west)
{\includegraphics[keepaspectratio, height=1.5cm,
width=1.5cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/moko/moko_reader.png}};
\node [right=0cm of boxbild.east, yshift=.3cm]
{Openmoko Neo FreeRunner};
\end{pgfonlayer}
\node (a) [left=1.5of box]
{\includegraphics[keepaspectratio, height=4cm,
width=4cm]{%(wd)s/bilder/ivak_kiosk-terminal.pdf}};
\node (e) [below=0cm of a, text width=2.5cm, align=center]
{(Public) Terminal};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\path
(touchatag) edge [doppelpfeil] (pcsc-relay)
(pcsc-relay) edge [doppelpfeil] (vicc)
(vicc.east) edge [keks, pfeil] (funktionenchat.text east)
(vicc.east) edge [keks, pfeil] (funktionenpace.text east)
(a) edge [decorate, decoration={expanding waves, angle=20, segment
length=6}, nichtrundelinie] (touchatag.south west);
\end{pgfonlayer}" /></p>
<p class="caption">Emulate a contact-less German ID card to perform sanity checks</p></div><p>PC/SC Relay has the following dependencies:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>PC/SC middleware</li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://www.libnfc.org/">libnfc</a> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id3" id="id4">[2]</a></li>
</ul>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This software can actually be used in a relay attack allowing full access
to the card. We discussed the impact especially on the <a class="reference external" href="http://media.ccc.de/browse/congress/2010/27c3-4297-de-die_gesamte_technik_ist_sicher.html">Relay attack
against the German ID card</a>,
but it generally concerns <em>all</em> contact-less smart cards.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="download">
<h2>Download<a class="headerlink" href="#download" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>You can find the latest release of PC/SC Relay on <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/frankmorgner/vsmartcard/releases">Github</a>. Older releases are
still available on <a class="reference external" href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/vsmartcard/files">Sourceforge</a>.</p>
<p>Alternatively, you can clone our git repository:</p>
<div class="highlight-sh"><div class="highlight"><pre>git clone https://github.com/frankmorgner/vsmartcard.git
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="installation">
<h2>Installation<a class="headerlink" href="#installation" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<div class="section" id="installation-on-linux-unix-and-similar">
<h3>Installation on Linux, Unix and similar<a class="headerlink" href="#installation-on-linux-unix-and-similar" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>The PC/SC Relay uses the GNU Build System to compile and install. If you are
unfamiliar with it, please have a look at <code class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">INSTALL</span></code>. If you can not find
it, you are probably working bleeding edge in the repository. Run the
following command in <code class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">pcsc-relay</span></code> to get the missing standard
auxiliary files:</p>
<div class="highlight-sh"><div class="highlight"><pre>autoreconf --verbose --install
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>To configure (<strong class="command">configure --help</strong> lists possible options), build and
install the PC/SC Relay now do the following:</p>
<div class="highlight-sh"><div class="highlight"><pre>./configure
make
make install
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="hints-on-libnfc">
<h3>Hints on libnfc<a class="headerlink" href="#hints-on-libnfc" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Here is an example of how to get the standard
installation of libnfc:</p>
<div class="highlight-sh"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">PREFIX</span><span class="o">=</span>/tmp/install
<span class="nv">LIBNFC</span><span class="o">=</span>libnfc
git clone https://code.google.com/p/libnfc <span class="nv">$LIBNFC</span>
<span class="nb">cd</span> <span class="nv">$LIBNFC</span>
autoreconf -i
<span class="c"># See `./configure --help` for enabling support of additional hardware</span>
./configure --prefix<span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$PREFIX</span>
make
make install
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Building PC/SC Relay with libnfc is done best using <strong class="command">pkg-config</strong>. The file
<code class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">libnfc.pc</span></code> should be located in <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$INSTALL/lib/pkgconfig</span></code>. Here is how to
configure PC/SC Relay to use it:</p>
<div class="highlight-sh"><div class="highlight"><pre>./configure <span class="nv">PKG_CONFIG_PATH</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$PREFIX</span>/lib/pkgconfig
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="hints-on-android-smart-card-emulator">
<h3>Hints on Android Smart Card Emulator<a class="headerlink" href="#hints-on-android-smart-card-emulator" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>The Android Smart Card Emulator is build around the host card emulation mode of
Android 4.4 and later. This mode activates the app if the terminal issues a
SELECT command with one of the app&#8217;s application identifiers. By default, the
app only registers for the AIDs for which it has a built-in emulator (see
<code class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">ACardEmulator/app/src/main/res/xml/aid_list.xml</span></code>).</p>
<p>If used together with PC/SC Relay, you need to change add AIDs to match the
applications on the relayed card. Otherwise the app will not be activated when
it should relay command APDUs to PC/SC Relay.</p>
<p>Modify the Smart Card Emulator settings to use <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Remote</span> <span class="pre">Virtual</span> <span class="pre">Smart</span> <span class="pre">Card</span></code> as
<span class="guilabel">Smart Card Emulator</span>. Now start <strong class="command">pcsc-relay</strong> by specifying
usage of the vpcd emulator:</p>
<div class="highlight-sh"><div class="highlight"><pre>pcsc-relay --emulator vpcd
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>In the app, change the <span class="guilabel">VICC Hostname</span> and <span class="guilabel">VICC Port</span> to
match the location where <strong class="command">pcsc-relay</strong> is waiting for an incoming
connection. When the app receives a SELECT command to one of the configured
AIDs, it will connect to <strong class="command">pcsc-relay</strong>, which will then relay the
command for processing.</p>
<p>Compiling and installing Android Smart Card Emulator is covered in its
<a class="reference internal" href="../ACardEmulator/README.html#acardemulator-install"><span>Download and Install</span></a> section.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="hints-on-pc-sc-middleware">
<h3>Hints on PC/SC middleware<a class="headerlink" href="#hints-on-pc-sc-middleware" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>A PC/SC middleware is included by default in most modern operating systems. On
Unix-like systems (Linux, OS X, Sun OS) it is realized by <a class="reference external" href="http://pcsclite.alioth.debian.org/">PCSC-Lite</a> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id7" id="id8">[4]</a>. To
compile PC/SC Relay you will need to install the PCSC-Lite headers from
your distribution.</p>
<p>Windows also ships with a PC/SC middleware in form of the Winscard module.
PC/SC Relay can be (cross) compiled with MinGW-w64. Also, Microsoft&#8217;s
developement environment Visual Studio includes all necessary data for building
PC/SC Relay.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="usage">
<h2>Usage<a class="headerlink" href="#usage" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<div class="highlight-text"><div class="highlight"><pre>PC/SC Relay 0.5
Relay a smart card to a contactless interface
Usage: pcsc-relay [OPTIONS]...
Using an contact-less interface (currently OpenPICC or libnfc) pcsc-relay
receives command APDUs which are forwared to an existing smart card via PC/SC.
pcsc-relay sends the response APDU back to the contact-less interface.
-h, --help Print help and exit
-V, --version Print version and exit
-e, --emulator=ENUM Contact-less emulator backend (possible
values=&quot;libnfc&quot;, &quot;vpcd&quot;, &quot;openpicc&quot;
default=`libnfc&#39;)
-c, --connector=ENUM Smart card connector backend (possible
values=&quot;pcsc&quot;, &quot;vicc&quot; default=`pcsc&#39;)
-f, --foreground Stay in foreground (default=on)
-v, --verbose Use (several times) to be more verbose
PC/SC connector:
-r, --reader=INT Number of the PC/SC reader to use (-1 for
autodetect) (default=`-1&#39;)
Virtual Smart Card connector:
-p, --vpcd-port=INT Port for communicating virtual smart card
(default=`35963&#39;)
-n, --vpcd-hostname=STRING Hostname for connecting to virtual smart card
(default=`wait for an incoming connection&#39;)
Virtual Smart Card Reader emulator:
-P, --vicc-port=INT Port to listen for virtual smart card reader
(default=`35963&#39;)
-N, --vicc-hostname=STRING Hostname for connecting to virtual smart card
reader (default=`wait for an incoming
connection&#39;)
Report bugs to https://github.com/frankmorgner/vsmartcard/issues
Written by Frank Morgner and Dominik Oepen
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Below we explain what option to choose for the emulator which receives a
command APDU and transmits a response APDU back to the terminal:</p>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="78%" />
<col width="22%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Option</th>
<th class="head"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--emulator</span></code></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-even"><td>Emulation hardware supported via libnfc</td>
<td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">libnfc</span></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>Emulation with OpenPICC</td>
<td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">openpicc</span></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>Android Smart Card Emulator</td>
<td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">vpcd</span></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>Virtual Smart Card</td>
<td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">vpcd</span></code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Below we explain what option to choose for the connector which calculates
a response APDU from a given command APDU:</p>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="77%" />
<col width="23%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Option</th>
<th class="head"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--connector</span></code></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-even"><td>Contact-based Smart Card in PC/SC Reader</td>
<td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pcsc</span></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>Contact-less Smart Card in PC/SC Reader</td>
<td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pcsc</span></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>Contact-less Smart Card in Remote Smart Card Reader</td>
<td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">vicc</span></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>Virtual Smart Card</td>
<td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">vicc</span></code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="section" id="question">
<h2>Question<a class="headerlink" href="#question" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>Do you have questions, suggestions or contributions? Feedback of any kind is
more than welcome! Please use our <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/frankmorgner/vsmartcard/issues">project trackers</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="notes-and-references">
<h2>Notes and References<a class="headerlink" href="#notes-and-references" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="id1" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id2">[1]</a></td><td><a class="reference external" href="http://nfc-tools.org/index.php?title=Devices_compatibility_matrix">http://nfc-tools.org/index.php?title=Devices_compatibility_matrix</a></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="id3" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id4">[2]</a></td><td><a class="reference external" href="http://www.libnfc.org/">http://www.libnfc.org/</a></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="id5" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id6">[3]</a></td><td><a class="reference external" href="http://www.openpcd.org/OpenPICC">http://www.openpcd.org/OpenPICC</a></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="id7" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id8">[4]</a></td><td><a class="reference external" href="http://pcsclite.alioth.debian.org/">http://pcsclite.alioth.debian.org/</a></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
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